biʔ bō / 簸 / 簸 bo Cognate
(tɛ)¹
(tɛ)¹ hɑi⁷ ʨhəu¹ sickness a ʨhiu3 Cognate certain (tɛ) hɑi ʨhəu
anʔ⁷ birds aap7 Cognate
bi⁵ vegetables
bi
bin⁷ activities involving people opposite of klɑu2 ɬip Cognate certain
bin³
bin⁵ weather, sky and light bwɑn Cognate certain
bin³ earth and fire ingredients and spices
bin⁵ phɔ⁴ weather, sky and light bin5 53 phɔ4Lʔ bɑo Borrowing Source certain bin phɔ
biʔ⁴² səu³ Tools bo Borrowing Source certain biʔ səu
biʔ⁴² səu³ Tools
bjɛn³ Other Physical Activities fɑn Borrowing Source certain
bjɛnʔ⁴ adornments bjɑt Cognate certain
bjɑ⁴ insects as in sui53 bjɑ4 sɑp7.8 pɑŋ1 Cognate certain
bjɑ⁴ water
bjɑ³ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning bje Cognate certain biɑ Borrowing Source certain
bjɑ(ʔ)⁷
bjɑ(ʔ)⁷ tɑu² body parts and functions pwo4 tɑu2 Comparison Form possible bjɑ(ʔ) tɑu
bjɑu⁵ food preparation and utensils
bjɑu³ body parts and functions
bjɑu¹ body parts and functions as in lɔ4/53(urine) bjɑu1 bladder
bjɑu² earth and fire bjɑu 2 ən1 swim fu Borrowing Source certain bjou Cognate certain biəu Cognate certain
bjɑu² bjut⁸ staple food
bjɑuʔ⁴
bjɑuʔ⁴ səi⁵ kinship lɑɑŋ Comparison Form bjɑuʔ səi
bjɑʔ⁴ activities involving the body bjeʔ Cognate certain
bjɑʔ
bjɑʔ⁷ grains fine, from pounded rice bjeʔ Cognate certain
blau² Plants bjau Cognate certain blaau Cognate certain
blau⁴ wən² adornments
bli⁵³ Animals Human Body in: tan4 bli53 swə3
bli⁵³ khwɑnʔ⁴ body parts and functions body parts and functions cf. tɕu53 bliʔ4 front lateral strap of sandal khwanʔ 4 ?孔 buʔ 8 tsɔŋ1 Comparison Form bjut8 khot7 Comparison Form bywi6 tsɔŋ1 Comparison Form blui6 Comparison Form
blinʔ⁴ Human Body blinʧ'4 kha7 phlegm bjut Cognate certain
blinʔ⁴ body parts and functions bjet Cognate certain bjɑt Cognate certain
blinʔ⁴ khɑ⁷ body parts and functions sickness ha4 Cognate certain blinʔ khɑ
blu² Plants Plants bù3 n̥ə2n Comparison Form
blɔ³ States or Qualities piɑʔ Comparison Form possible
blə⁴ weather, sky and light bjuŋ Cognate certain buŋ Cognate certain
blə² Human Body ́l̀ə̀ khót Comparison Form glɑp Borrowing Source possible
blən³ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning also see 2966
blən² activities involving people activities involving people bin Cognate certain
bləʔ⁴ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior
blɛ¹ activities involving people activities involving people
blɛ³ Other Physical Activities in Deng & Pan article: 腦漿迸裂 have one's brains dashed out beu Cognate certain
blɑ⁴ fish bjɑu Cognate certain bjɑu Cognate certain
blɑ¹ insects insects not certain
blɑ⁴ jʷɔ¹ body parts and functions jʷɔ1 秧 blɑ jʷɔ
blɑiʔ⁴ Plants bjɑi Cognate certain bjɑ(ɑ)i Cognate certain
blɑn² Other Physical Activities bjɑɑn Cognate possible
blɑt⁷ activities involving people
blɑt⁴ taste bjɑɑt Cognate certain byɑɑt Cognate certain bjɑt Cognate certain
blɑu³
blɑu(²)²¹ʔ kɑu(⁴)⁵⁴ʔ ʦɑŋ³ body parts and functions mu2 nɔm Comparison Form certain thjɛ53 blɑu2 Comparison Form certain blɑu54ʔwən2 Comparison Form certain blɑu kɑu ʦɑŋ
blɑʔ⁴ fish
blɑʔ⁴ nɑŋ¹ insects fish blɑʔ4 fish; nɑŋ1 snake
bu²
bu³ kinship gu Comparison Form
bu⁵ activities involving people bwo Cognate certain
bu² dɔŋ² Tools bu2 n̥ən3 Cognate certain bu dɔŋ
bu³ hjuəi⁷ Types of People bu hjuəi
bu⁴ bjɑu¹ garments ~ bɔ4 bjɑu1
bu⁵³ min² Types of People bu3 hjuəi boy; bu3 husband bu min
bun [bʷwn]⁵ body parts and functions body parts and functions phjom Cognate possible khlôm Cognate certain
buŋ⁵ food preparation and utensils States or Qualities n Comparison Form
bɔŋ⁴ kinship bwɑŋ Cognate certain
bəi⁵ Mental Activities bəi5 kwən i tɑu bəi5 have a dream bei Cognate certain
bəi⁵ touch
bəi¹ sound buui Cognate certain
bəu¹
bəu³ Tools pou Cognate certain
bɛ¹ man and plants bɛŋ Cognate certain
bɛ⁵ place, direction, distance bɛ5 m̥ɛ4-klɛ2 ɲɑŋ4 'from' front walk; in the direction of front words walk pjɑu Cognate possible
bɛ⁵ Common earth and fire
bɛʔ⁷ activities involving the body bɛʔ Cognate certain
bɑ⁵³
bɑ³ activities involving the body bɑ3 sɛ1 copulate (animals) pui Cognate certain
bɑ¹ Other Physical Activities Other Physical Activities ɲooŋ Comparison Form
bɑ⁵
bɑ⁵³ bɑ⁵ kinship bɑ bɑ
bɑu⁵ identity bwo Cognate certain
bɑu³ colors Nature and Natural Phenomena buə Cognate certain
bɑŋ⁴
bɑŋ⁴ gwɑi⁵ fish pli53 ɕɛn1 gwɑi5 skull bɑŋʔ gwɑi
bɑŋ⁴ gwɑi⁵ fish gwai4 Cognate váy (3/5) Cognate bɑŋ gwɑi
bɑŋʔ⁴ váy Cognate certain
c(w)ɔʔ⁴ food preparation and utensils motion cɔ4 53 ɛi5 begin;cɔ4 53 chɑŋ3 begin; cɔ4 53 chɑŋ5 begin čiə Cognate certain
chu⁴ tʂɤʌ Borrowing Source certain ʦuʔ Cognate certain
chui¹ activities involving the body pjom Comparison Form
chun⁵ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior tʂʰuən Borrowing Source certain tshun Cognate certain
chun⁵ man and animals food preparation and utensils tʂʰuɑn Borrowing Source certain tshun Cognate certain
chuʔ⁷ grains bjɑu tshuʔ Cognate certain
chwə⁵ entertainment tʂʰɑŋ Borrowing Source certain pɑɑu Cognate certain
chwən¹ Tools tʂʰuan Borrowing Source certain ʣun Cognate possible
chwən¹.⁷
chwən⁷
chwən¹.⁷ tɑu² weather, sky and light chwən tɑu
chwən⁷ dɑ¹ place, direction, distance chwən7[cʰuə˜ t44] da1; da1 出? chwən dɑ
chwənʔ⁷ motion motion
chwənʔ⁷ bi⁵ sickness chwənʔ7 bi5 出+soybean ɕe2 top8 Cognate certain chwənʔ bi
chwət⁷ motion motion tʂʰu Borrowing Source certain tshwɑt Cognate certain
chɔ⁴
chɔ⁵ sight, shape
chɔŋ⁵ battle and injuries ʨʰiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain tshoŋ Cognate certain
chɔʔ⁴ States or Qualities ʂu Borrowing Source certain tswoʔ Cognate certain
chɔʔ⁷ activities involving the body Tools tʂa Borrowing Source certain tship Cognate certain
chəu⁵ Furniture tʂʰu Borrowing Source certain tshou Cognate certain tšou Cognate certain
chəu⁵ cəu⁴ pli³ bedding bedding chəu5 bed; pli3 head chəu5 bed; pli3 head; cəu4 bridge dzom5 tɑu2 Cognate possible chəu cəu pli
chɑ³ food preparation and utensils ʦhɑɑu Cognate certain
chɑ¹ Transportation tʂʰɤʌ Borrowing Source certain ʦhje Cognate certain
chɑn³ Tools chɑn 24 chɑn3 a shovel tshen Cognate certain
chɑn⁴ body parts and functions tsɑɑm Cognate possible nɑɑm Cognate certain
chɑt⁴ measures Lombard Dictionary, Gordon Downer: lɑɑm5; Cnt. lɑɑm--id. Hakks tɕhaam (pan) tgiêm4 tọi tệy Cognate ʨhɑɑm Cognate certain lɑɑm Cognate certain khɑm Cognate certain
chɑt⁴ Quantity or Numbers ʂi Borrowing Source certain ʦjop Cognate certain sãp Cognate certain
chɑu¹ activities involving the body pəu Comparison Form
chɑŋ¹ human interaction
chɑŋ³ body parts and functions ŋɑ2 ~ teeth
chɑʔ⁴ earth and fire ~ təu4 catch fire tʂɑo Borrowing Source possible ʦiəʔ Cognate certain tsiəʔ Cognate certain tsúʔ, tsùʔ Cognate certain
cu⁷ garments tʂuo Borrowing Source possible ʦuʔ Cognate certain
cu³ human interaction cf. GUARD? ʦuə Cognate certain
cu³ battle and injuries ʂou Borrowing Source certain ʦuə Cognate certain
cu³ Quantity or Numbers ʨiou Borrowing Source certain ʨwo Cognate certain
cu [cy]⁵³
cu [cy]⁵³ sɑ⁷ kinship cu [cy] sɑ
cu(ʔ)⁴ ʦəi³ kinship kinship cuʔ4 FO brother's wife cuʔ4 father's brother's wife tei Cognate certain ʣje Cognate certain cuʔ ʦəi
cui⁵ human interaction ʨi Borrowing Source certain čui Cognate certain
cunʔ⁴ business tʂuan Borrowing Source certain
cuŋ⁴ Quantity or Numbers ŋ̊ŋ Cognate certain m̥m Cognate certain hm Cognate certain ngâu Cognate certain
cuəʔ⁴
cuʔ⁴ entertainment ʣu Cognate certain dju Cognate certain
cuʔ⁴ kinship ʨwo Cognate possible
cuʔ⁴ kinship kinship
cuʔ⁷ garments
cwə¹ Quantity or Numbers Quantity or Numbers
cwə⁵ ladder, ax, knife, saddle, plough, hoe, harrow, saw, chisel, cart, boat; note: nɔ1 for hammer, awl, shuttle, gun, w. fan, sieve, tub ʦuŋ Cognate certain
cwə⁴ ʦuŋ Cognate certain ʦəi Cognate certain
cwə³ motion tʂaŋ Borrowing Source certain
cwə³ Plants life cycle ʨʰɑɴ Borrowing Source certain ɬu Comparison Form
cwə² States or Qualities com6 Comparison Form ʨʰiɷɴ Borrowing Source certain ? Cognate certain ʨom Comparison Form
cwə² food preparation and utensils ʨʰɑŋ Borrowing Source certain səi Comparison Form
cwə¹ ʦhɔ⁴ njɛn Comparison Form certain ʦiɑ Cognate certain cwə ʦhɔ
cwə¹⁵³ ʦhɔ⁴ cwə153 多； ʦhɔ4少 cwə ʦhɔ
cwəi² body parts and functions ʦwei Cognate certain šiei, siêy Cognate certain
cwəi² Tools cwəi2 cwəi2 a hammer tʂʰueɪ Borrowing Source certain ʦwei Cognate certain
cwən²
cwən³ Culture and Education tʂuən Borrowing Source certain tsuən Cognate certain
cwən² garments ʨʰuən Borrowing Source certain ʨun Cognate certain
cwən¹ building, construction tʂuan Borrowing Source certain
cwən² tɑu² body parts and functions ʨʰuan2 t’oɷ2 Borrowing Source certain cwən tɑu
cwɑi⁵ States or Qualities gueɪ Borrowing Source certain ʨɑɑi Cognate certain
cwɑi³ cloud, flower, flag duo Borrowing Source possible tɔ Cognate certain
cwɑiʔ⁴ body parts and functions
cwɑn¹ measures ʨin Borrowing Source certain ʨɑɑn Cognate certain
cɔ⁷
cɔ¹ activities involving the body activities involving the body
cɔ⁷ man and animals tʂuo Borrowing Source certain ʦoʔ Cognate certain
cɔ⁴
cɔ¹ food preparation and utensils tʂʌŋ Borrowing Source certain ʦɑɑŋ Cognate certain
cɔ⁷ place, direction, distance ha5 (which) cɔ7(palce?) where?; si5 cɔ7 everywhere
cɔ² activities involving the body activities involving the body tʂuɑŋ Borrowing Source certain ʦɑɑŋ Cognate certain
cɔ⁴ phɑi³ body parts and functions cɔ7 pjɑu1 Comparison Form possible cɔ phɑi
cɔ⁷ pjɑu¹ garments cɔ4 phɑi3 Comparison Form possible cɔ pjɑu
cɔŋ⁵ man and plants tʂoɴ Borrowing Source certain ʦwɑŋ Cognate certain
cɔŋ⁵ activities involving the body tʂoɴ Borrowing Source possible ʨen Comparison Form
cɔŋ³ weather, sky and light touch ʨwɑŋ Cognate certain šɔŋ Cognate certain
cɔŋ² motion human interaction dzɔŋ Cognate certain
cəi⁵ 3 Br. 11.1 min2 thjau1 i1 uə3 hən7 tiu3 cəi5 He just sat there dreaming; məi2 i1 wə3 cəi5 you just stay there (don't go anywhere else)
cəi² Tools swɑn7cəi2 whip;sɔ3 cəi2 key;n̥ɑŋ5 cəi2 stirring stick fo3 ʦei2 Cognate certain
cəi³ writing tʂi Borrowing Source certain ʦei Cognate certain
cəi⁴ nɑ3 cəi4 kəu3(me) nin2(ptc.) this is mine;mə4 cəi4 kwən7 done reading (book not finished) cf. cɑŋ2; other e.g. cf. ti3tu7 ʂi Borrowing Source certain ʦei Cognate certain
cəu³
cəu²
cəu⁵ writing ʨu Borrowing Source certain čəu Cognate certain
cəu⁵³
cəu¹ activities involving the body
cəu² town and country ʨʰiɑo Borrowing Source certain ʨou Cognate certain châu Cognate certain
cəu³ food preparation and utensils tʂu Borrowing Source certain ʦou Cognate certain
cəu⁴ food preparation and utensils cəu Borrowing Source possible tʂu Borrowing Source certain ʦou Cognate certain tcou Cognate certain
cəu⁴ Time
cəu⁷ ʦi3, kɑn2 Comparison Form
cəu³ min² kɑ¹ Types of People tʂu3 (ɹən2) ʨia1 Borrowing Source certain pjɑu3 ʦjou3 Cognate certain cəu min kɑ
cəu⁴ mɑ² Plants tʂu Borrowing Source certain cəu mɑ
cəu⁵³ pə¹ parts of a house pə1 room tʂʰu2 Borrowing Source certain cəu pə
cɑ⁵ Quantity or Numbers ʨi Borrowing Source possible ʦiə Cognate certain šɑ Cognate certain
cɑ⁵ food preparation and utensils
cɑ³
cɑ² things to drink and smoke tsɑ Cognate certain tʂɑ Borrowing Source certain
cɑ² vegetables ciɑ Cognate certain tɕe Cognate certain ʨʰiɛ Borrowing Source certain
cɑ⁷
cɑ¹
cɑ⁷ all birds, wing, hoof, eye, ear, shoulder, arm, finger, sleeve, legging(1), tomb, large basket (hwəi1 lɔŋ4), shoe (1), bowl, spoon dɑɑt Cognate possible cɑ Cognate certain
cɑ⁷ States or Qualities opp. kɑ4
cɑ⁷ earth and fire earth and fire ʨɔ2 cɑ7 base layer of wall, stone;dən2 cɑ7 foot of hill ʨiɑo Borrowing Source certain čem 4 čuəʔ Cognate certain
cɑi² States or Qualities tʂʰi Borrowing Source certain ʦɑi Cognate certain
cɑn¹ earth and fire ʨin Borrowing Source certain ʨom Cognate certain
cɑn¹ States or Qualities tʂən Borrowing Source certain ʦjen Cognate certain
cɑn⁷
cɑn⁵ ʨin Borrowing Source certain ʨom Cognate certain čəm Cognate certain
cɑn³ sight, shape sight, shape also see 4158
cɑn¹ cɑn³ (ɑ) cɑn1 true; cɑn3 (ɑ) ? cɑn1 true; cɑn3 (ɑ) ?正 cɑn cɑn
cɑu¹ town and country town and country
cɑu² entertainment ʨʰioɷ Borrowing Source certain ʨhiu Cognate certain
cɑu² Communication Communication ʨʰioɷ Borrowing Source certain čiəu Cognate certain
cɑu⁵³
cɑu¹
cɑu(¹)⁵³ ɟu³ vegetables cɑu ɟu
cɑu⁵³ ʦhɛ⁵ vegetables ʨiou3 ts’ae4 Borrowing Source certain ʨəu21 ʦhɔɔi5 Cognate certain cɑu ʦhɛ
cɑŋ² motion 3 Br 12.1 hɔŋ2 caŋ2 kwən7 (face) all red; mə4 caŋ2 kwən7 səu1 finish reading the book (i.e. whole book);33.3 ʦjɑŋ Cognate certain cəi Comparison Form
cɑŋ⁵ sight, shape tʂʌŋ Borrowing Source certain ʦjɑŋ, ʦiŋ Cognate certain
cɑŋ⁵
cɑŋ¹ Tools sjɑŋ Cognate certain
cɑŋ⁴
cɑŋ⁴ hɑu² Time not common ʦjɑŋ2 ho6 Cognate certain cɑŋ hɑu
cɑŋ⁵ lɑu⁵ thoughts lɑu5 ﹖記 ʨɑŋ5 tuʔ7 Cognate certain cɑŋ lɑu
cɑŋʔ⁴ Communication ʨiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
cɑŋʔ⁴
cɑŋʔ⁴ Plants activities involving people ʦhep7 jɑŋ Comparison Form
cɑʔ⁷ bedding tʂi Borrowing Source certain ʦiəʔ Cognate certain
cɑʔ⁷ thoughts ʂi Borrowing Source possible ʦjeʔ Cognate certain ʦiəʔ Cognate certain
cʲɑu¹ vegetables ʨou Cognate certain šou Cognate certain sâu Cognate certain
cʷɔ⁷ man and animals man and animals
cʷɔ⁷ Furniture as in ɬat4 cɔ7 tʂu Borrowing Source certain laap8 tswo7 Cognate
cʷɔ³ Communication ʂuo Borrowing Source possible
cʷɔ⁷ ʦɑu² Tools ʦɑu2 to hoe; cɔ7? to clutch, catch (捉) cʷɔ ʦɑu
di¹ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning Clothing dje Cognate certain
di⁵
di⁵ dəi² also see 3964
di⁵ dəi² di di5 dəi2
din⁷
din⁴⁵³ tɑŋ² parts of a house din453 drying mat dinʔ tɑŋ
dinʔ⁴ bedding din53taŋ2 drying yard
dinʔ⁴ activities involving the body Activities activities involving the body Activities cf also 疊 dzip Cognate certain diep Comparison Form tʂɤʌ Borrowing Source certain
dinˀ⁴ man and plants Tools din Comparison Form
dinˀ⁷ body parts and functions dop Cognate certain
dinˀ⁴ activities involving the body ton Cognate certain
diu⁵ activities involving the body motion thiu Cognate certain
diu⁵ fish man and animals tiɑo Borrowing Source certain
diu⁵
diu⁵ mi³ trees diu mi
diŋ¹ Location and Movement
diŋ⁵
diʔ⁷ activities involving the body diʔ Cognate certain
djɛ¹ human interaction tʂʌŋ Borrowing Source certain dzɛɛŋ Cognate certain
djɑt⁷ water djop Cognate certain dip Cognate certain
djɑu³ States or Qualities tsɑo Borrowing Source certain dzjou Cognate certain
djɑu⁴
djɑu⁴ kən¹ food preparation and utensils djɑu kən
djɑŋ⁵ trees djɑŋ Cognate certain
djɑŋ⁵
djɑŋ⁵³
djɑŋ⁵ pən³ Tools pən53 ɬən4 Comparison Form possible peen Cognate certain djɑŋ pən
djɑŋ⁵³ klɔ¹ food preparation and utensils djɑŋ53 wood? djɑŋ klɔ
du⁵ activities involving the body thuui Comparison Form
du¹ States or Qualities du Cognate certain
dui⁵
dui¹ Human Body sickness
dun⁵ motion Activities dun Cognate certain dun Comparison Form dut Cognate possible
duŋ
duŋ¹
duŋ³¹ i⁵ human interaction t’oɴ2 ji4 Borrowing Source certain toŋ2 əi5 Cognate certain duŋ i
duə¹ sickness Types of People
duə¹ ʦɑŋ³ Types of People duə1 deaf; ʦɑŋ3子 mu2 noom2 duŋ1 Cognate certain duə ʦɑŋ
duˀ⁴ Plants du Cognate certain du Cognate certain
duˀ⁴ sickness medicine and treatments tu Borrowing Source certain toʔ Cognate certain
dwə²
dwən⁴ Communication Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior
dwəʔ⁴
dwəʔ⁴ sɔŋ⁵ bedding sɔŋ5 cover dwəʔ sɔŋ
dwɑi³
dwɑi² Food and Drink dɔi Cognate certain
dzɑ⁵ Human Body dzɑ5>7 pɑu4 left hand, left (direction) ʦɑɑi Cognate certain
dzɑ³ ingredients and spices dzɑu Cognate certain dɑu Cognate certain
dzɑ⁵ housework grooming Gordon Downer ('rhymes') suggests this root has influenced the initial of Yao dzɑɑu5 'warm oneself' <*ntɑɑuC. has 'warm' influenced the tone in this root? ʦɑo Borrowing Source certain dzɑɑu Cognate certain dɑɑu Cognate certain
dzɑt⁷ activities involving the body Location and Movement dut Cognate certain
dɔ¹
dɔ¹ vegetables fun miu Comparison Form
dɔ² earth and fire as in wən1 i1 nɔ1 dɔ2 - dig a hole in the ground
dɔŋ² Tools as in bu2 ~
dɔŋ²
dɔŋ³
dɔŋ⁵ adornments doŋ Cognate certain
dɔŋ³ Tools thoŋ Cognate certain thoŋ Borrowing Source certain
dɔŋ¹ States or Qualities dɔŋ Comparison Form
dɔʔ⁷
dəi⁵ earth and fire ti Borrowing Source certain dɑu Comparison Form
dən² Nature and Natural Phenomena tɕem Cognate certain
dən⁴ water glɑŋ Comparison Form tɑn Borrowing Source certain
dən⁵ activities involving the body
dəu⁵ earth and fire body parts and functions also lɑu1 dəu5
dəu⁵
dɛŋ⁵ motion e.g. of a small worm
dɑ¹ activities involving the body Tools tɑn Borrowing Source certain dɑɑm Cognate certain
dɑ⁵ activities involving people tɑn Borrowing Source certain dɑɑm Cognate certain dɑ Comparison Form
dɑ⁴ activities involving people to Cognate possible
dɑ³ sight, shape dɑɑu Cognate certain
dɑ² water dóʔ Cognate certain ? Comparison Form
dɑ² Animals activities involving people du Cognate certain
dɑ¹ place, direction, distance place, direction, distance
dɑi⁵ motion dɑi Cognate certain
dɑn³ insects Human Body tɑm Cognate certain
dɑn¹ sickness tɑn Borrowing Source possible
dɑt⁷ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning dɑt Cognate certain
dɑt⁷ motion kəu khân phâi sə̄u câ dân ɟɑ mu - I dropped the comb. pjǎu dân ɟɑ lɑu - The fruit fell down. doot Cognate certain
dɑu⁴ birds domestic animals dɑu Cognate certain
dɑu³ food preparation and utensils
dɑu¹ Communication Communication Communication tɑu Cognate certain
dɑu⁵ Human Body Sensations States or Qualities dzɑɑu Cognate certain dɑɑu Cognate certain ntɯ Cognate certain ta Cognate certain
dɑŋ¹ smell dɑɑŋ Cognate certain
dʑi⁵ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning 机?
dʑin⁴ man and nature in mən5; ?error for 2? as in mən5 ~ dust 灰尘 tɕʰən Borrowing Source
dʑin³ Plants dʑim Cognate certain dǰem Cognate certain
dʑiuʔ⁴ activities involving the body dziu Cognate certain dziu Cognate certain ʦiu Cognate certain ʨiɑo Borrowing Source certain
dʑwɛn⁴ States or Qualities ʨʰuan Borrowing Source certain
dʑɛ⁵ activities involving the body dʑɛŋ [gjɛŋ] Cognate certain gʌŋ Borrowing Source certain
dʑɛ¹ smell smell smell dziiŋ Cognate certain ɕiɴ Borrowing Source certain
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
ggfsr² nation and government
gjɛ⁷ plɑ³ other human relations other human relations pla3 house pla3 house xlǎt 7/8 Cognate gɤʌ2 Borrowing Source gɤʌ2 Borrowing Source plɑ
gjɛn⁷ earth and fire man and nature
gjɛnʔ⁴ activities involving the body ɕia Borrowing Source certain ǰɑp Cognate certain gip Cognate certain tgiâp Cognate certain
gjɑu³ Tools ʥiu Cognate certain tgiêu Cognate certain
gjɑʔ⁷ sandhi?
gjɑʔ⁷ ti³ body parts and functions pwo4 sei1 dje3 Comparison Form possible ca3/5 tgiap7/8 đi3/5 Cognate certain gjɑʔ ti
gli⁷ Tools Tools
gli⁵ body parts and functions as in phɑu4 dɔʔ7 gli5 fingernail čəu Cognate possible
glin⁴ activities involving people motion activities involving people activities not involving people States or Qualities as in ~ din7 skin
gliʔ⁴ birds bau5 cɑi1 Borrowing Source sa7 nɔ8 cong2 Borrowing Source
glu² go Cognate certain gô Cognate certain ǰo Cognate certain
glɔ¹ Location and Movement motion
glɔŋʔ⁴ parts of a house as in hun153 ~ twig-bamboo garden fence ʥoŋ Cognate certain
gləi⁵
glɑ⁴ activities involving the body as in glɑ53 pə4 a cane
glɑi¹ flowers and grasses
glɑi² Activities as in nin2 ɲɛ1 ŋɑ2 haŋ3 glɑi2 glɑi2 ǰəi Cognate certain
glɑi¹ fruits man and plants
glɑn² lan Borrowing Source certain lɑɑn Cognate certain
glɑn⁴ food preparation and utensils ǰɑn Cognate certain
glɑu³ activities involving the body as in ~ ŋɑ2 gɑɑu Cognate certain
glɑŋ² sight, shape koŋ Cognate certain cong Cognate certain
glɑŋ² earth and fire ʥɑɑŋ Cognate certain glɑɑŋ Cognate certain glɑn Cognate certain
gwaŋ¹
gwɑi⁵
gwɑi⁵ food preparation and utensils pli53 ɕɛn1 gwai5 skull see also 3646 and 7293
gwɑi¹ States or Qualities as in klɑŋ1 ~ 'thirsty' gɑɑi Cognate certain
gwɑi⁴ k’uae Borrowing Source possible kwɑi Cognate certain bại(6) Cognate certain
gwɑi⁵ gwɑi Cognate certain
gwɑi⁵³ mɑu⁵³ wɑŋ² insects gwɑi mɑu wɑŋ
gwɑn¹ flowers and grasses ʨiɛn Borrowing Source certain gɑɑn Cognate certain
gwɑt⁴ PassiveVoice States or Qualities hua Borrowing Source certain gõt Cognate certain bjaaŋ Comparison Form
gwɑŋ¹ States or Qualities gjwɑŋ Cognate certain
gɑ⁵ education
gɑ
gɑ⁵ səu¹ Types of People Occupations teach, train+book gɑ səu
gɑ⁵³ ljɔ² Communication ʦɑɑŋ2 lɑɑŋ2 Cognate certain gɑ ljɔ
gɑn⁴ activities involving people cf. gjɛn4, gjɛn7, gan7, gan1 ɕiɑ Borrowing Source certain hɑp Cognate certain
gɑn¹ activities involving the body goom Cognate certain
gɑn¹ ʨiʌ Borrowing Source certain
gɑn¹ lwəi¹ Clothing gɑn lwəi
gɑnʔ⁷ activities involving the body ǰap7 Comparison Form gap7 Cognate gjɛn4 Comparison Form gjɛn7 Comparison Form gan4 Comparison Form ʨiɑ Borrowing Source certain
gɑu⁵³
gɑu²
gɑu⁵³ kuŋ³ gɑu² vegetables gɑu kuŋ gɑu
gɑⁿt⁷
hi⁴
hi⁵ as in hi5 ljɑu7;zi̯uc hi5 jɛn 斷斷續續;hi5 wə3 constantly ɕy Borrowing Source certain
hi³ body parts and functions
hi⁵ entertainment entertainment həi5 Cognate ɕi4 Borrowing Source
hin [çin]³ food preparation and utensils
hinʔ⁷ touch sjet Cognate certain
hinʔ⁷ activities involving the body ʥip Comparison Form
hiʔ (⁴) cwəʔ ⁴ kinship gjwe Cognate certain giɑ Cognate certain phá giâ4 pẽ Cognate possible hi twə
hjuəi⁷
hjuəiʔ [hyəi]⁷ Types of People fei2 ʨwei3 Cognate certain
hjəu³ tu⁷⁰ thoughts thoughts
hjɛ² garments ɕiɛ Borrowing Source certain
hjɛn⁴ sight, shape hep Cognate certain ghẽp Cognate certain
hjɛn¹ States or Qualities gwin Cognate certain gwin Cognate certain
hjɛn⁴ place, direction, distance hjɛn7 (closer place)
hjɛn⁷ States or Qualities ɕiɛn Borrowing Source certain
hjɛn¹ activities involving the body ɕin Borrowing Source certain
hjɛt⁴ Quantity or Numbers ɕet Cognate certain
hjɑ⁵ weather, sky and light ʣjɑɑu Cognate certain
hjɑ¹ medicine and treatments dje Comparison Form
hjɑ¹
hjɑ¹
hjɑ¹ hjɑ¹ kinship hjɑ hjɑ
hjɑn⁴ ʂan Borrowing Source certain
hjɑn⁴ khwɑi³ weather, sky and light 閃/ 闪 bɑ-oŋ1, bɑ-liŋ6 Comparison Form hjɑn khwɑi
hjɑu³ Communication same p. also hjau5 to crow ɕeu Cognate certain hyɑu Cognate certain heu Cognate certain
hjɑu¹ States or Qualities ʨiɴ Borrowing Source certain heŋ Cognate possible
hu³ Activities Activities hu Cognate certain
hu⁴ fish as in njɛn4 hu4 khwɑi3
hu⁴ earth and fire
hu² earth and fire usually only in hu2 khwɑi3 'lake+ocean' hu Borrowing Source certain hu Cognate certain
hun¹⁵³ man and plants man and plants
hun¹⁵³ glɔŋʔ⁴ building, construction hun1 glɔŋʔ
hwə⁵ place, direction, distance ɕiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain huŋ Cognate certain
hwə⁵³
hwə¹ sight, shape as in səi53 hwə1 square fɑŋ Borrowing Source certain fei puŋ Comparison Form
hwə⁵³ khwɑ³ hwə khwɑ
hwəi¹
hwəi¹ man and plants
hwəi⁰
hwəi¹ lɔŋ⁴ Tools lɑɑi Comparison Form loŋ Comparison Form hwəi lɔŋ
hwəi⁵³ cəu² Mental Activities thoughts hwəi cəu
hwəi⁵³ cəu² States or Qualities wɑɑi Cognate certain hwəi cəu
hwən⁵ weather, sky and light ʔɔm Cognate certain
hwɛ³ activities involving the body
hwɑ³
hwɑn⁵ Food and Drink fən Borrowing Source possible
hwɑt⁷ nation and government as in ɬa4~ no way fɑ3 Borrowing Source certain been6 fat7 Cognate
hwɑt⁴ body parts and functions χɑn Borrowing Source certain hɑɑn Cognate certain
hwɑŋ³ Time
hwɑŋ¹ activities involving the body motion activities involving the body motion hjwiiŋ1 Cognate
hɔ¹
hɔ¹
hɔŋ⁴ town and country town and country
hɔŋ² sight, shape siʔ 7 Cognate
hɔŋ⁴ town and country town and country
hɔʔ⁴ sight, shape as in min53 hɔ4 short person (矮) hɑɑ Cognate certain ɑi Comparison Form hɑ Cognate certain ha4 Cognate certain hɑ Cognate certain hɑ̤ɑ̤ Cognate certain hɑɑ Cognate certain
hən⁴ Animals Animals as in hən4 pjɛn4
hənʔ⁷ activities involving the body as in hənʔ7 hət7 hop Cognate certain
həu² Food and Drink compare tɔ7 ʦwoʔ Comparison Form
həuʔ²-⁴ suən¹ Animals həuʔ2.4 suən
həuʔ².⁴ body parts and functions χu Borrowing Source certain
həuʔ².⁴ ʦɑŋ³ body parts and functions χu2 ʦi Borrowing Source certain sjɑɑm Comparison Form həuʔ2.4 ʦɑŋ
hɑ⁷ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior ʂɑ Borrowing Source possible
hɑ⁴
hɑ¹ taste hoɷ Borrowing Source certain
hɑ⁵ hɑɑi Cognate certain
hɑ⁴ pəu¹ Time hɑ pəu
hɑ⁴ pəu¹ m̥ɔŋ Time hɑ4 pəu1afternoon; m̥ɔŋ dark, night hɑ pəu m̥ɔŋ
hɑi² birds
hɑi³¹
hɑi⁷
hɑi¹
hɑi⁴⁴ʔ ʨiu¹ ingredients and spices fɑn2 ʦiu1 Cognate certain hɑi ʨiu
hɑi⁷ ~hɑi¹ thoughts wishes thoughts wishes bu5 hɑi2 teach hɑi Cognate certain hɑi hɑi
hɑn⁴ battle and injuries
hɑu⁵³ motion motion
hɑu⁷ States or Qualities Three Brother 17.1 pu hɑu7 ljɑ!hɑu7 lɔŋ3 hɑo Borrowing Source certain
hɑu² body parts and functions χoɷ Borrowing Source certain
hɑu⁴ States or Qualities
hɑu⁵³ sɛ¹ kɑ¹ Types of People hɑu53從 sɛ1生 kɑ1 家 hou2 sɛɛŋ1 toon1 Cognate certain hɑu sɛ kɑ
hɑʔ⁴
hɑʔ⁴ pəu¹ Time 下+ thjɛn1-7 hɑ4 Comparison Form possible hɑʔ pəu
i¹
i¹ Quantity or Numbers jet Comparison Form
i⁷
i³ activities involving the body
i⁵
i³ Furniture as in tɑŋ53 i3 stool ji Borrowing Source certain ei Cognate certain
i¹ Location and Movement States or Qualities i1 ɑ2 alive, but kɑ4__nɑ2 at __, məi2 i1 wə3 cəi5 you stay there, nin2 thjɑu1 i1 wə3 ɲɑn3 ɑ so he cried there jom Cognate certain jəm Cognate certain
i¹ diŋ⁵ ji2 ďiɴ4 Borrowing Source certain i diŋ
i⁷ ʥɛn⁴ Time ji3 ʨʰiɛn2 Borrowing Source certain i ʥɛn
in¹
jin⁷ Quantity or Numbers compare jiu2 jet Cognate certain
jinʔ⁴
jiu² Quantity or Numbers dwo Cognate certain đú Cognate certain
jiŋ³
ju⁵ Mental Activities Mental Activities məi i diŋ5 ju5 pwn7 you 一定要 go, ju5 pwn7 want togo nɔŋ Comparison Form
juə² domestic animals juŋ Cognate certain
jwə⁴ man and animals jɑŋ Borrowing Source certain ju:ŋ Cognate certain
jwə² food preparation and utensils juʔ Cognate possible
jwɑn² vegetables as in li7 jwɑn2
jwɑn² religion miu Comparison Form
jɔ¹ socializing jyɛ< Borrowing Source certain
jəu⁵³
jəu² Tools jɑo Borrowing Source certain
jəu² activities involving the body jɑo Borrowing Source certain
jəu⁵³ body parts and functions
jəu⁵³ məi² fruits jɑŋ2 mei2 Borrowing Source certain jəu məi
jəu⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ body parts and functions = 腰子 ɲut8 ʦei3 Comparison Form jəu ʦɑŋ
jɛ² entertainment ɕiiŋ Cognate certain
jɛn² States or Qualities States or Qualities as in jɛn2 kɔŋ1 jɑn Borrowing Source possible
jɛn¹ man and animals jɑn Borrowing Source certain iim Cognate certain
jɛn¹ earth and fire
jɛn⁴ Manner juŋ Cognate certain ɲuŋ Cognate certain
jɛn² wild animals sjen Cognate certain
jɛnʔ⁴ ɕ(j)ɛn¹ body parts and functions
jɑ⁴ joɷ Borrowing Source certain jɑ Cognate certain
jɑn² measures ʦɑɑm Cognate certain giom Cognate certain
jɑn¹ Life, Sickness, and Death jom Cognate certain jəm, yiəm Cognate certain
jɑt⁷ food preparation and utensils ip Cognate certain
jɑu²
jɑu² ingredients and spices jou Cognate certain
jɑu⁵³² mɑ² vegetables jou2 ma2 Borrowing Source certain jɑu mɑ
jɑŋ⁴ Location and Movement States or Qualities Activities ʦeŋ Cognate possible
jɑʔ⁴ Activities hɑ Cognate certain
jʷɔ¹ Plants Plants
ka pjɛn¹ place, direction, distance place, direction, distance
khjɛ(ʔ)⁷ Types of People k’ɣʌ Borrowing Source certain ʨhɛʔ Cognate certain
khjɑu³ food preparation and utensils ʨiɑo Borrowing Source possible čhʲəu Cognate certain
khli³ earth and fire ʦʰɑo Borrowing Source certain khlɛ Comparison Form certain
khlin⁷ garments
khlu³ activities involving the body tu Comparison Form
khlu⁵ States or Qualities ʨhu Cognate certain ʦeu Cognate certain
khlɔŋ¹ States or Qualities k’u1 lɷɴ2 Borrowing Source certain khuŋ Cognate certain khuŋ Cognate certain khuɑŋ Cognate certain kuŋ Cognate certain
khlə⁷ States or Qualities khlə7 min2 = lɔŋ5:7 min2
khlən³ activities involving the body k’ən Borrowing Source certain ɬɑi Comparison Form
khlɛ¹ Nature and Natural Phenomena man and nature khli Comparison Form
khlɑ¹ food preparation and utensils GM khw1 turn over, turn upside down e.g. self ʨiɑo Borrowing Source possible
khlɑu⁵ States or Qualities as in dɔŋ3 ~ kwən7 bucket is leaky
khlɑʔ⁷ body parts and functions ʨhɑʔ Cognate certain kjhɑɑʔ Cognate certain kjɑ Cognate certain tchyɑ Cognate certain
khwə¹ motion motion activities involving people
khwəi¹
khwɑ⁵ States or Qualities sjɑp Comparison Form
khwɑ³
khwɑ³ Quantity or Numbers wəˇi khwa2 pûn mà Let's go together čhəi Cognate certain
khwɑ¹
khwɑ¹ khɑu³ human interaction k’uʌ1 k’oɷ3 Borrowing Source certain khwɑ khɑu
khwɑi³
khwɑi⁵
khwɑi⁵ kuae Borrowing Source certain khwɑɑi Cognate certain
khwɑi³ water khooi Cognate certain
khwɑi¹ motion motion khooi Cognate certain
khwɑn⁷ earth and fire khot Cognate certain
khɔ¹ Tools as in dzɑu5 ~ ʨiɑo Borrowing Source possible
khɔ³ States or Qualities Plants k’u Comparison Form gu Comparison Form
khɔŋ¹ place, direction, distance motion khwɑŋ Cognate certain
khɔŋ¹ entertainment
khɔŋ⁷ Communication
khɔŋ¹
khɔŋ³ khɑŋ Cognate certain
khɔŋʔ⁷
khɔŋʔ⁷ ku⁵ birds birds noʔ8 jɑŋ2 ʔiu1 Cognate certain khɔŋʔ ku
khə¹
khə¹ ɟɑ¹⁷ kɑ31 ʣiə5 Cognate certain khə ɟɑ
khə⁵n ti³ place, direction, distance afterwards 22.1 kɑ4- ti3 Comparison Form khən ti
khən³
khən⁵
khən¹ man and animals man and animals ʨʰiɛn Borrowing Source certain ʨhiin Cognate certain khên Cognate certain
khən⁵ human interaction ʨʰuɑn Borrowing Source certain khwin Cognate certain
khən⁵³
khən⁵³ ɟɑ⁵ feelings khə1 ɟɑ1 Comparison Form possible ke2 ʣje5 Cognate certain kɑm2 ʣiə5 Cognate certain côm2 tgia4/5' Cognate certain χɤʌ Borrowing Source certain khən ɟɑ
khəu¹ staple food thŭn píêy Comparison Form
khəu⁵ Clothing hou Cognate certain
khɛn³ States or Qualities
khɛŋ⁵ activities involving the body
khɑ⁵
khɑ⁷ hɑ Cognate certain
khɑ⁵³ fish fish fish
khɑ⁵³ ɬɔ⁴ Tools kha53 蝦﹔ ɬɔ4 撈 khɑ53
khɑ⁵³ ɬɔʔ⁴ Tools khɑ53 虾？；ɬɔʔ4 捞？ khɑ53 ɬɔʔ
khɑ⁷ kɔŋ¹ fish chɑ Comparison Form possible sa2 cong1 Cognate certain khɑ kɔŋ
khɑn⁷ activities involving the body activities involving the body khan7 pan7 ɕa5 dzaŋ4 write with a pen; khan7 cəi klɛ ɟəu5 kwən7 nɔ khwan7 kick a hole in the paper door; khan7 djaŋ tsu5 tɛ2 use wood to make a table; as in Three Brothers 6.1; 15.2,3,5;22.5;23.3;25.4 ' with hands' ; 27.7,2
khɑu³
khɑu³ k’ou Borrowing Source possible khəu Cognate certain
khɑⁿt⁷ Mental Activities feelings xɤʌ Borrowing Source certain hɛʔ Cognate certain hac Cognate certain hat Cognate certain
kiŋ¹ activities involving the body ~ kin1 ~ke1 tau2~ nin2 cɔ3 he said to him/ thjau1~khwa3 bja3 thjɛ kwan1 pun7 he went with the tinkers. Mien jə1 kau1 məi2 kɔŋ3 I say to you/ jə1 kau1 məi2 miŋ2 I go with you gən1 Borrowing Source certain kɑn Cognate certain
kiŋ¹ 10/20, text 22.3 gən Borrowing Source possible kɑn Cognate possible
kjɛ¹ activities involving the body ʨɛɛŋ Cognate possible tcɛŋ Cognate certain
kjɛ³
kjɛ⁵³ town and country town and country
kjɛ⁷ activities involving people ʨɛʔ Cognate certain cho Cognate certain
kjɛ¹ food preparation and utensils nom1ang1 Cognate possible
kjɛ¹ wɛ4 ɬa4 pun7 kjɛ1 still hasn't gone; ɬa4 ɕa1 kjɛ1 isn't writing yet (but ready to start); kəa2 nà mə̱ kjɛ1 I'm reading it (right now) čɛn Comparison Form
kjɛ⁵³ cɑu¹ pən³ town and country ~ kjɛ cɑu pəu3 ʨiɛ1 tʂoɷ1 fu3 Borrowing Source possible kjɛ cɑu pən
kjɛn² earth and fire usu. ʨhɛ53 kjɛn2 青山 some places /klɛn/ ʨi:m Cognate certain cem Cognate certain kem Cognate certain kim, kêm, kiêm Cognate certain kem Cognate certain
kjɑ³ activities involving the body nhai Comparison Form possible
kjɑu³ Animals kwei Cognate possible ghiau Cognate possible
kjɑu¹
kjɑuʔ⁴ Activities kwɑɑŋ Cognate certain têp Cognate possible
kjɑʔ⁷ weather, sky and light colors ʨeʔ Cognate certain kiɑ Cognate certain
kli¹ Tools Tools (rel. to SNAIL?)
kli⁵ insects insects
kli¹ insects reptiles insects reptiles kyɑ(ɑ)ŋ Cognate certain giŋ˧ gwɑí Cognate possible liŋ2 kwəi1 Comparison Form certain ǰim2 gwɑi4 Borrowing Source certain
kli⁵ touch
klin⁷ insects insects ʨop Cognate certain klup’ Cognate certain
klin² sight, shape cun Cognate certain ʨun Cognate certain klun Cognate certain klun Cognate certain klun Cognate certain
klin⁵ motion diŋ Cognate certain kliŋ niŋ Cognate certain djɑɑŋ Cognate certain
klinʔ⁴ States or Qualities ʨun Cognate certain
klu³ domestic animals ʨu Cognate certain klo Cognate certain klu Cognate certain
kluʔ⁴ States or Qualities States or Qualities
klɔ¹
klɔ⁴
klɔ² fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning
klɔ⁴
klɔ⁵ Culture and Education gliŋ Cognate certain
klɔ⁷ States or Qualities as in tən3 ~ kwən7 =跌倒了 as in tən3 klɔ7 kwən7
klɔ⁷ ʨuʔ Cognate certain kyo Cognate certain kjo Cognate certain
klɔ¹ Animals ʨiɑo Borrowing Source possible ʨooŋ Cognate certain kyɔŋ Cognate certain kjɔŋ Cognate certain
klɔŋ¹ States or Qualities States or Qualities e.g. piled up tree stumps; weaving, drunken walk cɑɑm Comparison Form certain
klɔʔ⁴ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning glâu Cognate certain
klə¹ Nature and Natural Phenomena ʨuŋ Cognate certain kɑɑŋ Cognate certain kluŋ1 Cognate
kləi² States or Qualities
kləi³ activities involving the body
kləi³
klən⁷ activities involving the body gua Borrowing Source certain cun Cognate possible
klɛ¹ insects ʨɛɛŋ Cognate possible kɛŋ Cognate certain keŋ Cognate certain
klɛ² parts of a house ʨɛɛŋ Cognate certain kɛŋ Cognate certain kɛŋ Cognate certain keŋ Cognate certain
klɛ² kwɑn¹ Location and Movement s.w.? blin4 kwɑn1 rear of tongue klɛ kwɑn
klɛ² ɔ¹ parts of a house Tools klɛ ɔ
klɑ³ Human Body Human Body as in jɛnʔ4 ɛʲɛn' klɑ3 back 'body' ʨɑɑi Cognate certain klɑɑi Cognate certain clái Cognate certain
klɑ³ town and country klăuB1 Cognate ʨɑu3 Cognate certain kyɑu2 Cognate certain kjɑɑu3 Cognate certain
klɑ⁵ Animals nɑɑu Comparison Form
klɑ²
klɑ⁵³ klɑɑu Cognate certain
klɑ³
klɑ³ ʔən¹ weather, sky and light lu Borrowing Source certain kjɑ Cognate certain klɑ ʔən
klɑ⁵³ klɑ² fruits pjou3.2 ʨɑɑu2 Cognate certain pə klɑɑu 1/5' Cognate certain klaauB2 Cognate klɑ klɑ
klɑn² weather, sky and light klɑn Borrowing Source certain
klɑn¹ Sensations touch kyɔm Cognate certain cɔm Cognate certain kjom Cognate certain klɑn Comparison Form possible
klɑt⁷ ʨɑt Cognate certain kyɛt Cognate certain kjǎt Cognate certain
klɑt⁷ Tools ʨɑp Cognate certain kyɔp Cognate certain kjɑp Cognate certain
klɑt⁷ human interaction human interaction tɕat Cognate certain ̆kjǎt Cognate certain kyɛtD1 Cognate kyɛtD1 Cognate
klɑu⁵ birds Food and Drink kyau2 Cognate klăwc1 Cognate ʨɑu5 Cognate certain kjɑu5 Cognate certain
klɑu³ motion ʨɑɑu Cognate certain klɑu Cognate certain klau Comparison Form possible
klɑu¹ activities involving the body
klɑu² States or Qualities opp. of bin7 cɑu Cognate certain
klɑuʔ⁴ medicine and treatments to Cognate certain
klɑuʔ⁴ Mental Activities tʂʰɑo Borrowing Source possible ʦhəu Cognate certain cɑm Cognate certain
klɑŋ² activities involving the body activities involving the body stg. as sleeper, fallen tree?
klɑŋ³ klɑɑŋ Cognate certain
klɑŋ¹ body parts and functions phɑu53 ~ arm /pɑu4/ hand ʨɑɑŋ Cognate certain klɑɑŋ Cognate certain klɑɑŋ Cognate certain
klɑŋ⁴ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning
klɑŋ² body parts and functions tʂʰɑŋ Borrowing Source possible ʨɑɑŋ Cognate certain klɑɑŋ Cognate certain klɑɑŋ Cognate certain
klɑŋ¹⁵³ hɑu² body parts and functions neck + 喉 ʨɑɑŋ1.2 hu2 Cognate certain klɑŋ hɑu
ku
ku⁵ States or Qualities ʨioɷ Borrowing Source certain ku Cognate certain ko Cognate certain
ku¹ place, direction, distance ku Cognate certain
ku⁰
ku⁵
ku⁵³
ku⁵³ jinʔ⁴ entertainment kəu Cognate certain câu Cognate certain ku jinʔ
ku⁵³ tiŋ¹ Tools ku tiŋ
ku⁵³ʔ ku⁵³ n̥ɛŋ¹ insects ku ku n̥ɛŋ
kun³
kun³
kun¹ activities involving the body guan Borrowing Source certain kwən Cognate certain kwon Cognate certain kuən Cognate certain con2 (kɔn1) Cognate certain
kuŋ³
kwəi⁵ earth and fire food preparation and utensils kui Cognate certain
kwəiʔ⁴ activities involving the body guei Borrowing Source certain kwei Cognate certain quệy(6) Cognate
kwən³ human interaction guan Borrowing Source certain
kwən⁷ ɲaŋ2 kwən7 ku1n̥̥ən5 pun7 kwən7 lja̱7 having gone off very far away s-ptc; ɲin4 kwən7 I've eaten (today) or I've eaten (this sort before)
kwən² Tools ɕuan2 Borrowing Source certain khwɑŋ Cognate possible khwai5 Cognate quáy Cognate
kwɛ⁵ motion
kwɛ⁷
kwɑ Religion, Customs, and Social Mores Religion, Customs, and Social Mores
kwɑ⁷
kwɑ³ States or Qualities States or Qualities
kwɑ⁵ Location and Movement Location and Movement guo Borrowing Source certain kjwe Cognate certain kiɑ Cognate certain quai Cognate possible
kwɑ¹
kwɑ¹ fruits guʌ Borrowing Source certain kwɑ Cognate certain qua Cognate certain
kwɑ³⁵³ pjɑ² kɑu³ Types of People kwɑ353寡; pjɑ2婆; kɑu3 妻 kwɑ pjɑ kɑu
kwɑ⁵³ pjɑ⁴ kɑu³ Occupations kwa53 卦; kau3 妻; cf. pja2 婆 kwɑ pjɑ kɑu
kwɑ⁷ khwɑi¹ activities involving the body kwɑ khwɑi
kwɑi⁵
kwɑi⁵ States or Qualities also rdg. for 怪
kwɑi⁵ food preparation and utensils kae Borrowing Source certain gɑɑi Cognate certain gai Cognate certain
kwɑi³
kwɑn³ man and animals as in kwɑn3 dən2 hunt, also 赶 drive (animal) gan Borrowing Source possible
kwɑn³ flowers and grasses bjɑu gɑɑw Comparison Form
kwɑn¹
kwɑn⁵³ Types of People kwan53min2; kwan53 kau3: Chinese woman; kwan53 kau3ni4: beggar; kau3: 妻 ʨen Cognate certain ciən4 khɛ2ʔ Cognate certain
kwɑn¹ Occupations as in ʨhəu1 twɑ4 kwɑn1 animal gelder, bjɑ3 thjɛ1 kwɑn1 tinker guɑn Borrowing Source certain
kwɑn⁵³ kɑu³ Types of People kwɑn kɑu
kwɑn⁵³ kɑu³ ni⁴ Occupations kwɑn53 kɑu3 (妻?) Chinese woman kwɑn kɑu ni
kwɑn⁵³ min² Types of People kwɑn min
kwɑt⁷ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning
kwɑt⁷ activities involving people gɣʌ Borrowing Source certain kɑɑt Cognate certain set 7/8 blau2 Cognate possible kɑɑt Cognate certain
kwɑŋ¹ guɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
kwɑŋ⁷ as in plən153 kwaŋ7 grey dawn；？ error for kwaŋ1 光？
kwɑŋ³ place, direction, distance guɑŋ Borrowing Source certain kjwɑŋ Cognate certain kwɑ:ŋ Cognate certain
kwɑŋ¹ pli³ States or Qualities States or Qualities 光 光 kwɑŋ pli
kɔ⁴
kɔ
kɔ¹ earth and fire gɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
kɔ³ business money kɑ Cognate certain ca Cognate certain ʨiɛ 借 Comparison Form
kɔ¹ kinship States or Qualities tone:1~3 gɤʌ Borrowing Source certain ko Cognate certain kɔ Cognate certain kɔ Cognate certain ta2 lu7 Comparison Form
kɔ⁴ dui⁵ body parts and functions ʦi53 ~ ~ kɔ4 dwɑi3 Comparison Form possible twei Comparison Form certain duəi Cognate certain kɔ dui
kɔ⁵³ ɕi⁵ kinship kɔ ɕi
kɔŋ
kɔŋ¹ man and animals as in tɕi53 kɔŋ1 tɛi53 pli3 pli3 ('rooster's head feather')
kɔŋ¹ kinship kɔŋ5 male(fowl), koŋ1 male (young animals) koŋ Cognate certain oŋ Cognate certain cong Cognate certain
kɔŋ¹
kɔŋ⁵³ ʦun⁵ battle and injuries ʨiɛn Borrowing Source certain ʦin Cognate certain kɔŋ ʦun
kɔʔ⁴
kɔʔ⁴
kɔʔ⁴ dwɑi³ Animals body parts and functions cf. rump of bird twei Cognate certain kɔʔ dwɑi
kɔʔ⁴ ʨi¹ birds sã nọ pẹ hõp domestique ;sã nọ bô cô (koʔ7) sausage pɛʔ8 kop7 Cognate certain gɤʌ Borrowing Source certain kɔʔ ʨi
kən³ Plants Plants ʨiɛn Borrowing Source certain ken Cognate certain kin Cognate certain wăm1 chiên 3/5 Cognate certain
kən³ activities involving the body kjuun Comparison Form
kən¹
kəu⁴
kəu⁴
kəu³
kəu⁴ tiŋ³ kəu⁴ insects ku5 ɲɑŋ1 Cognate certain kəu tiŋ kəu
kɑ¹ activities involving people Quantity or Numbers ʨiɑ Borrowing Source certain
kɑ⁵ buffalo, ox, horse kɑ5 53 tsɑŋ3 Comparison Form
kɑ⁴ Compare to Siamese- 'in relation to' (Noss), variant of kap kɑi Cognate certain cá Cognate certain
kɑ⁴ States or Qualities States or Qualities 8.2 all12.3 good?kɑ4 ɲin2 delicious,kɑ4 m̥ɔŋ good sounding, n3 kɑ4 thjɑu5 embarassed kɑ Cognate certain ɲɑn Cognate certain khụ Cognate certain
kɑ³ States or Qualities ʨiɑ Borrowing Source certain ʨɑ Cognate certain chɑ Cognate certain
kɑ⁵ Culture and Education Culture and Education ʨiɑ Borrowing Source certain
kɑ⁷
kɑ⁵³
kɑ⁵ chɑ Cognate certain
kɑ¹ Types of People
kɑ
kɑ¹ education ʥɑɑy Comparison Form bu Borrowing Source certain
kɑ pjɛn¹ place, direction, distance kɑ pjɛn
kɑ(⁵)⁵³ ʦin² money money ʨia Borrowing Source certain ʨɑ5 ʦin2 Cognate certain cha3/5 Cognate kɑ ʦin
kɑ⁴ nɑ² kɑ4... nɑ2. i1 nɑ2 exist, alive (cf. Anglo-Irish 'in it') ke2 ɲwo4 Cognate certain kɑ nɑ
kɑ⁴ su¹ kɑ su
kɑ⁴ ti³ place, direction, distance tu5 ti3 到底 ke2 dje3 Cognate certain kɑ ti
kɑ⁵³ khɑ⁵ body parts and functions kɑ4 ʦɑŋ3 Comparison Form possible kɑ khɑ
kɑ⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ Animals domestic animals ~ ~ twə4 kɑ ʦɑŋ
kɑ⁵³ʔ ɬɑŋ³ fruits fruits pjəu3 ɬjɑŋ3 Cognate certain kɑ ɬɑŋ
kɑ⁷ cɑŋʔ⁴ business ke2 nɑɑi3 Cognate certain kɑ cɑŋʔ
kɑ⁷ tɑŋ⁴ sight, shape kɑ tɑŋ
kɑ⁷ ʦɑŋ³ sight, shape ʨia Borrowing Source certain kɑ ʦɑŋ
kɑi³ body parts and functions gɑi Cognate certain dɑy Cognate certain
kɑi³
kɑi³ ʨhi⁵ body parts and functions shit + 气 ? kɑi ʨhi
kɑi⁵³ təu³ body parts and functions kai3 shit. 肚 ke2 sje1 Comparison Form possible kɑi təu
kɑn³
kɑn¹ taste gan Borrowing Source certain kɑɑm Cognate certain cam Cognate certain
kɑn⁴
kɑn³ ʦhɔ⁴ Quantity or Numbers ʨiɛn3 ʂɑo3 Borrowing Source certain kɑn ʦhɔ
kɑn⁵³ kjɛ³ fruits gan1 tʂɤʌ4 Borrowing Source certain kɑɑm1.2 ʦje5 Cognate certain côm2 sa3/5 Cognate certain kɑn kjɛ
kɑt⁷ activities involving the body ʨiɑ Borrowing Source certain ǰɑp Cognate certain
kɑu³ kinship animal+~; kwan53kau3 Chinese woman; kwa53pja4kau3 shaman (are all female) ɑu Cognate certain
kɑu⁴
kɑu¹
kɑu
kɑu⁵
kɑu³ man and animals Human Relationships animal + ~, kwɑn53 kɑu3 Chinese woman, kwɑ53 pjɑ4 kɑu3 shaman (are all fem.) ʨʰi Borrowing Source possible
kɑu⁵ States or Qualities goɷ Borrowing Source certain kɑu Cognate certain cau Cognate certain
kɑu⁵ bin⁵ earth and fire kit7 buən5 Comparison Form kɑu bin
kɑu⁵³ kwɑi⁵ Tools kɑu Comparison Form kɑu kwɑi
kɑʔ⁴ ca Cognate possible
kɑʔ⁴ ʦɑŋ³ body parts and functions ca clf chest, back, kitchen, back kɑ53 khɑ5 Comparison Form possible kiáy hɑ̣ ngăn Cognate possible kɑʔ ʦɑŋ
kʷɔ⁴
kʷɔ⁴ khwɑn⁷ body parts and functions kɔ4 khwɑn7 ɟu3 buttock; ɟu3 cake； khwɑn7 hole gɑi3 khot7 mwən2 Cognate possible gɑi3 khwət7 ɲɑp8 Cognate possible ca đáy khõt Cognate certain ca đáy khõt Cognate certain kʷɔ khwɑn
kʷɔ⁴⁵³ʔ lɑi² fruits fruits guo3 li2 Borrowing Source possible kʷɔ lɑi
la⁷ place, direction, distance place, direction, distance la7 təi4 (cf təi4 dry field) usu mà/ɬa̱ lâ V is(n't) anywhere to V la7 təi4 (cf təi4 dry field) usu mà/ɬa̱ lâ V is(n't) anywhere to V 21.7;33.2
la⁷ gwaŋ¹ weather, sky and light cf. month ɬɑ Cognate certain la gwaŋ
linʔ⁷
linʔ⁷ kwɑ¹ ʦi⁷ garments linʔ kwɑ ʦi
liu² building, construction
liŋ³
ljɔ² weather, sky and light liɑŋ Borrowing Source certain lɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ljɔ² weather, sky and light States or Qualities see also 709 ljɔ2
ljɔŋ⁴
ljɔŋ⁴ gɑⁿt⁷ Animals 挾 'dragon'+ sandhi? ljɔŋ gɑⁿt
ljɔʔ⁴ touch 涼
ljɔʔ⁴ mu⁴ garments ljɔʔ4 涼? ljɔʔ mu
ljəu⁷
ljɛ² man and plants liiŋ Cognate certain
ljɛn²
ljɛn²¹ ɟɑu¹ fish fish ljɛn ɟɑu
ljɛt⁴
ljɛt⁴ ɟɑu¹ fish njɛ1.2 ʨəu1 Cognate certain ljɛt ɟɑu
ljɑ³ States or Qualities ɬɛʔ Cognate possible
ljɑ² States or Qualities lei Borrowing Source certain khon Comparison Form
ljɑ³ body parts and functions liə Cognate certain
ljɑ⁷ 3 Br 17.1,2; 18.6 tni2 blə4 lja7 下雨了; lwə3 cɔŋ3 lja7 the weather's gotten/getting cold; cf
ljɑn² water liem Cognate certain
ljɑn² fish lin Borrowing Source certain
ljɑu⁵ Time ljɑu5 ljɑu7 shorter time,nɑ53 ljɑu5 then, hɑ5 ljɑu5 when?,ljɑu5ljɑu7? every time,wə3ljɑu5 then, tɛ4 ljɑu5 later, another time ʦɑn Comparison Form
ljɑu² socializing lioʊ Borrowing Source certain liəu Cognate certain
ljɑu⁷
ljɑŋ⁵ man and plants təi Comparison Form
ljɑŋʔ⁴ socializing ləi Comparison Form li Borrowing Source possible
ljʷɔ² parts of a house liɑŋ Borrowing Source certain lɑɑŋ Cognate certain
lu³ body parts and functions sickness lu Cognate certain
lu⁵ States or Qualities lu Cognate certain
lu⁰
lu⁵³ pjɑ² kinship lɑo3 puo2 Borrowing Source lu pjɑ
lui
lui⁵³ tɑu² Commerce business Commerce business lui tɑu
lun⁵ States or Qualities nən Borrowing Source certain
lwə² weather, sky and light luŋ Cognate certain
lwəi² weather, sky and light lei Borrowing Source certain
lwəi⁴ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior lwei Cognate certain
lwəi¹ Clothing as in lwəi1 khəu5 luui Cognate certain
lwəi² touch States or Qualities
lwəi¹ min⁴ garments luui1 mwei4 Cognate possible lwəi min
lwən² fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning lun Cognate certain lyn Borrowing Source certain
lɔ²
lɔ² Dwelling lɑŋ Cognate possible
lɔ² dɔ¹ Time lɔ dɔ
lɔ⁵³ bjɑu¹ body parts and functions lɔʔ4 urine jwe4 beu1 Cognate certain lɔʔ bjɑu
lɔŋ⁵ States or Qualities loŋ Cognate certain
lɔŋ⁴ housework in hwəi1 lɔŋ4
lɔʔ⁴ body parts and functions
lɔʔ⁴ body parts and functions jwe4 Cognate yǐ2 Cognate yia4 Cognate via3 Cognate va3 Cognate
ləi²
ləi⁷
ləi⁷
ləi² motion li Borrowing Source certain ləi Cognate certain
ləi⁵ note 10/12 cf. Vn. đây; 37.3
ləi⁷ wəi² fish li Borrowing Source certain ləi wəi
lən³ activities involving the body ɬɔp Cognate possible
lɛ⁴
lɛ⁴ Clothing shoes, sandals, raincape, wide sash (klɔ2), leggings, mat (tɛhi4, din4) lɛŋ Cognate certain xluông Cognate certain lɑŋ Comparison Form
lɛ³
lɛ⁴ thɛ³ States or Qualities Gordon Downer: Mien lɑp - fɑp7; Cant. lɑɑp-sɑɑp 'garbage' la1 tʰɑ1 Borrowing Source certain lɛ thɛ
lɛ⁴thɛ³ States or Qualities lātā sloppy CD: Lu Mian lap-fap7. Cmt laap-saap 'garbage'
lɛʔ⁴ activities involving people
lɑ³ activities involving people may be local Chinese 拉下 'to forget something' lɑ Borrowing Source possible lɑɑi Cognate possible
lɑ⁷ place, direction, distance usu. mà/ɬa̱ lâ V 'there is(n't) any place to V' lɑ7 Comparison Form
lɑ⁵
lɑ⁴ sɑ¹ mɑ⁴ kwɑi³ fish mɑ4 kwɑi3 frog
lɑ⁵ ʨɛ³ thoughts thoughts kɑʣiə Cognate possible lɑ ʨɛ
lɑi¹ vegetables lɑi Cognate certain
lɑi
lɑi⁴ ~ lɛ
lɑi² man and plants lɑi Cognate certain
lɑi²
lɑi⁵³ ʦi¹ vegetables lɑi53 vegetables; ʦi1 cf. 'soak' lɑi ʦi
lɑi⁵³ ʨui¹ food preparation and utensils Tools food preparation and utensils Tools lɑi ʨui
lɑiʔ⁴ States or Qualities li Borrowing Source certain lɑi Cognate certain
lɑn² man and nature 截 stop, check, dam (also sever, a section)
lɑn³ man and plants
lɑnʔ⁴~ lɑt⁴ Dwelling lɑɑm Cognate certain
lɑt⁴ weather, sky and light hɑɑn Cognate possible
lɑu¹ earth and fire as in lɑu1-7 pli3 lɑi Cognate certain làʔ Cognate certain
lɑu² parts of a house in kɑ4 lɑu2 loʊ Borrowing Source certain phɑŋ Comparison Form
lɑu⁵ activities involving people verbal particle, tu7 lau5 get,caŋ5 lau5 remember, cɔ7 lau5 seize as in Three Brothers 2.1cɔŋ2 lau5; 8.3; 9.7 hən7 lau5 hən7 lau5 drank and drank; 10.4,5; 11.5-6 (hɔ4 lau5); 15.1; as in Three Sisters 27.6 mə̱ lǎu; 25.1 lɑu Borrowing Source possible
lɑu⁵ thoughts
lɑuʔ⁴ motion
lɑŋ² activities involving people
lɑŋ⁴ kinship lɛ Comparison Form
lɑŋ² human interaction
lɑŋ⁴ town and country lɑŋ Cognate certain
lɑɑŋ
lɑʔ⁴ wild animals birds insects lɑu Cognate certain
lɑʔ⁴ food preparation and utensils lɑ[33]-lɑʔ4 rice crust
lɥɔŋ² customs /ljɔŋ/? phonemic -j- plus ʷonglide of /ɔ/-rhymes ʨuŋ Comparison Form goŋ Borrowing Source certain
ma (neuter tone?)⁰
mi⁵³
mi⁴ birds in wa2 ~ kind of thrush
mi⁵ body parts and functions activities involving the body Activities mi5 ɲwai4 睡覺 pwei Cognate possible məi2 ǰɔm2 Cognate certain
mi³
mi⁴
mi(⁴)⁵³ dɔŋ³ insects mi dɔŋ
mi⁴ ɬɑn² Types of People mi4 eye; ɬan3 to ?grope mi ʣɑn
mi⁴⁵³ kləi³ insects mi kləi
mi⁵³ ʨʲɛ¹ pli¹ body parts and functions mi53 ʨʲɛ1eye/ pli1 hair mi ʨʲɛ pli
mi⁵³ ʨʲɛ¹ body parts and functions ən(1)mi4 Comparison Form certain ʦɑu5 mi ʨɛ1 Comparison Form certain mwei6.2 ʦiiŋ1 Cognate certain mi ʨʲɛ
mi⁵³ ʨʲɛ¹ pli¹ body parts and functions mi53 ʨʲɛ1 eye; pli1 hair mi ʨʲɛ pli
min² Types of People mjen Cognate certain
min⁴
min⁰
min⁷
min²
min⁵³ min⁷ motion nim Comparison Form possible mi Borrowing Source certain min min
min⁷ thjɛn⁷ States or Qualities cf. SNEAK min thjɛn
minʔ⁴ Time wɑn Borrowing Source certain
miʔ⁴ touch mɑu Comparison Form
miʔ⁴ insects light/sweet food mi Borrowing Source certain
mjɛ
mjɛ² in mɧ2 mjɛ2 'famous' meŋ Cognate certain
mjɛ(²)⁴ tɑŋ² Communication thoughts miɴ2 tɑŋ2 Borrowing Source mjɛ tɑŋ
mjɑŋ¹ earth and fire earth and fire earth and fire earth and fire n̥i53 mjaŋ1 n̥i53 mjaŋ1 泥泞 (muddy, miry)
mjɑŋ
mjɑŋʔ
mjɑŋʔ⁵³⁷ mjɑŋ² kinship mjɑŋ Cognate certain mjɑŋʔ mjɑŋ
mjɑʔ⁴ food preparation and utensils Other Physical Activities activities involving people food preparation and utensils Other Physical Activities activities involving people mo Cognate certain muo Borrowing Source certain
mj̥ɛn³
mu⁴ Location and Movement miŋ Cognate possible (pum) mu Cognate possible
mu⁵³ mɑu³ garments ljɔ4 mu4 Comparison Form possible mo Cognate certain mu mɑu
mun¹ activities involving people activities not involving people Activities mun Cognate certain
mun⁴ States or Qualities mɑn Borrowing Source possible
mun [min]⁴ Sensations mwɑn Cognate certain
muŋ² States or Qualities mʌŋ Borrowing Source certain
mɔŋ⁴
mɔŋʔ⁴
mɔŋʔ⁴ food preparation and utensils ən1 mɔŋ4 water vat
mə⁴ birds
mə(⁴)⁵³ twɑn⁷ insects fly+small thing mə twɑn
məi⁰
məi² mwei Cognate certain
məi⁵³ lɑŋ² kinship mei4 ʨi2 Borrowing Source certain məi lɑŋ
mən⁵
mən² States or Qualities mən Borrowing Source possible
mən² States or Qualities
mən⁵ ʥin⁴ earth and fire earth and fire mən ʥin
məʔ⁷
məʔ⁴ Activities mə4 səu1 read wɑŋ Borrowing Source certain mɑŋ Cognate certain
məʔ⁴ motion Activities muŋ Cognate certain
məʔ⁷ tɕi⁵ thoughts mə Comparison Form possible mə4 tɕi5 Comparison Form possible muo Borrowing Source possible məʔ tɕi
mɛ⁴
mɛ¹ colors colors mɛɛŋ Cognate certain
mɛ(ʔ)⁴
mɛ(ʔ⁴) tɑ¹ Tools mɛ Comparison Form possible lim Comparison Form possible mɛ(ʔ) tɑ
mɛ⁴⁵³ ɬən⁴ fruits mɛ ɬən
mɛ⁵³ ɬənʔ⁴ trees mɛ ɬənʔ
mɑ⁵³
mɑ²
mɑ²
mɑ¹
mɑ⁴ Animals mɑ Cognate certain
mɑ² mɑɑi Cognate certain
mɑ ⁵³ chɔ⁴ activities involving the body mɑ chɔ
mɑ⁴ kwɑi³ fish
mɑ⁴ kwɑi³ fish (ʨɛŋ3) kwei3 Cognate possible mɑ kwɑi
mɑ⁴ kwɑi³ Animals fish mɑ kwɑi
mɑ⁴ kwɑi³ duŋ¹ dui¹ fish dui1 lump mɑ kwɑi duŋ dui
mɑ⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ battle and injuries jun2 tɑɑn6 Comparison Form possible ma3 ʦɑŋ3 Borrowing Source mɑ ʦɑŋ
mɑn⁴ States or Qualities mɑn Cognate certain mɑn Borrowing Source certain
mɑnʔ⁷ Human Relationships kinship
mɑu⁴ Human Relationships kinship pau1 mau4 hjwəi7 3 brothers;twai53 mau4 brothers;twai53 mau4 sa7 sisters muə (tɔi6) Cognate certain
mɑu¹ Food and Drink Activities dɑm Comparison Form hiu Comparison Form
mɑu³ Human Relationships kinship mwo Cognate certain
mɑu
mɑu⁵³ wɑŋ² insects ma3 huɑŋ2 Borrowing Source certain mɑu wɑŋ
mɑʔ⁷
mɑʔ⁴ business mɑɑi Cognate certain
mɑʔ⁴ niu³ domestic animals mu2 lom2 Comparison Form mɑʔ niu
mɑʔ⁴ ɬɑu³ trees mɑʔ ɬɑu
mɑʔ⁷ ɬɔʔ⁴ Animals luk ma3 lu4 Borrowing Source mɑʔ ɬɔʔ
m̥i⁵ taste mwəi Cognate certain
m̥i³ Plants grains m̥ei Cognate certain
m̥i
m̥i(³)⁵³ blat⁴ staple food Mengla bjau2 bjut8 Cognate mblat 7/8 Cognate
m̥i⁵³ ʦi⁷ grains Food and Drink staple food grains Food and Drink staple food m̥i ʦi
m̥in¹ body parts and functions m̥jen Cognate certain
m̥in¹⁵³ ɟu³ body parts and functions m̥in ɟu
m̥jɛn³
m̥jɛn³ Religion, Customs, and Social Mores Religion, Customs, and Social Mores mjen Cognate certain
m̥jɑ³ flowers and grasses mje Cognate certain
m̥jɑ⁵ Sensations smell n̥om Comparison Form
m̥unʔ⁴ garments [m̥ɯn] mɑɑt Cognate certain uɑ Borrowing Source certain
m̥ɔ⁴ Plants trees man and plants m̥ɔ4 tsaŋʔʔ4 木匠 carpenter,tsɔŋ4 m̥ɔ4 松木 pine
m̥ɔŋ⁵ Time m̥wɑŋ Cognate certain
m̥ɔŋ⁵ Activities mwɑŋ Cognate certain
m̥ɔʔ⁴ writing maat Cognate certain mo Borrowing Source certain
m̥ɔʔ⁴ min² flowers and grasses mu4 miɛn2 Borrowing Source min Cognate certain m̥ɔʔ min
m̥əi⁰ Animals ingredients and spices Animals ingredients and spices m̥ei Cognate certain
m̥əi¹ Plants hmə Cognate certain
m̥əi³ States or Qualities
m̥ɛ⁴ grains mɛʔ Cognate certain mɑe Borrowing Source certain
m̥ɛ⁴
m̥ɛ⁴ klɛ² Location and Movement place, direction, distance ~+door m̥ɛ klɛ
m̥ɛ⁴ tɔŋ⁵ Location and Movement place, direction, distance Location and Movement place, direction, distance m̥in Comparison Form m̥ɛ tɔŋ
m̥ɑ³ human interaction heem Comparison Form mɑ Borrowing Source certain
m̥ɑu¹ insects tɛu3-2mwo1 Comparison Form
n⁵
n⁵ ljɑu⁷ States or Qualities States or Qualities n ljɑu
ni³
ni⁴
ni [niʔ⁴²]⁴ Quantity or Numbers sje Cognate certain
ni(³) pɑ⁷ mɔŋʔ⁴ kinship ni(3) pɑ7 younger brother ni pɑ mɔŋʔ
ni³ pɑ⁷ kinship jou Comparison Form possible ni pɑ
nin¹ activities involving the body
nin² nen Cognate certain
nin² 3 Br. 12.2,6 poss; 13.4 poss; 6.2 attrib.
niu³ domestic animals in mɑ-
njɛn³ Quantity or Numbers ʦhɑm Cognate possible
njɛn⁴ fish
njɛn⁴ hu⁴ khwɑi³ fish khwɑi3 海 njɛn hu khwɑi
njɑ¹ States or Qualities States or Qualities zhan Borrowing Source possible ŋjəu Cognate certain
njɑu² States or Qualities njəu Cognate possible
njɑu¹ business activities involving the body business activities involving the body 3 Bro. 8.5 15.3 nun Cognate possible
noŋ
noŋ⁵³ ʨʲɔ¹ body parts and functions 脑? + 漿 gooŋ3.2 ʦuŋ1 Cognate certain noŋ ʨʲɔ
noʔ⁸ ɑ¹
nui³ activities involving the body
nwə² States or Qualities nɷɴ Borrowing Source certain noŋ Cognate certain
nwɑnʔ⁷ activities involving the body nuʔ Cognate certain
nɔ¹ activities involving the body Tools
nɔ⁴ dial 1 30.2
nɔ¹ star, hole, rock, tortoise, ? nɔm Cognate certain
nɔŋ⁴ thoughts loŋ Cognate certain
nɔŋ⁵³
nɔŋ⁵³ sui³ body parts and functions sueɪ Borrowing Source possible ʂueɪ Borrowing Source possible nɔŋ53 ʨɔ1 +漿 Comparison Form possible nɔŋ sui
nɔŋʔ⁴ body parts and functions noŋ Cognate certain
nɔŋʔ⁴ business of 'want'?
nəi⁵ also nəi7 a few
nən⁴ ~ V+tu7
nəu³ thoughts often pun7 nəu3; wə̆i pûn nəu2 don't go! (to child going someplace dangerous)
nəu³ activities involving the body
nɛ⁵ things to drink and smoke nɛ53 nɛ5 breast;(nɛ53 (ʦui3 mouth)) nipple ɲo Cognate certain
nɑ²
nɑ⁴ States or Qualities i nɑ4 still alive;kɑ x nɑ4 at x kɑ-ɲwo Cognate possible
nɑ⁷ activities involving the body năʔ Cognate certain nã Cognate certain
nɑ³ nɑɑi Cognate certain
nɑi¹
nɑi¹
nɑi⁴ Time lɑn Comparison Form
nɑi¹ nɑi¹ kinship nɑi nɑi
nɑn⁵ touch nɑm Cognate certain
nɑn² Plants nɔm Cognate certain noom Cognate certain
nɑn¹ Plants grains fɑɑn Cognate possible
nɑt⁴ activities involving the body nɑʔ4 pɑuʔ4 shake hands nɑn Cognate certain
nɑu⁴ Time
nɑu⁵³
nɑu⁷
nɑu⁵ activities involving the body
nɑu⁵³ nɑuʔ⁴ kinship nɑu Cognate certain nɑu nɑuʔ
nɑu⁷ ɲ̥ɑu³ feelings nu Borrowing Source certain nəu4 Cognate certain nɑu ɲ̥ɑu
nɑuʔ⁴
nɑŋ¹ insects nɑɑŋ Cognate certain
nɑŋ³ sight, shape nɑŋ Cognate certain
nɑŋ¹ reptiles
nɑʔ⁴ Communication nɑɑi Cognate certain
ṇ⁵ ṇ Cognate certain
ṇ² Time Time ṇ2 n̥ɔi1, ṇ2 ɲ̥ɑŋ2
n̥⁵
n̥⁵ tɑŋ⁷ n̥ tɑŋ
n̥i⁴
n̥i⁵³
n̥i⁴ 3 Br. 16.2
n̥i³ States or Qualities n̥jɛ Cognate certain
n̥i¹ earth and fire nje Cognate certain
n̥i¹ in n̥i53 gləi5 mantis egg case, said to be unanalyzable
n̥i⁴ tau² weather, sky and light ɹi4 t’oɷ2 Borrowing Source certain n̥i tau
n̥i⁵³ gləi⁵ insects n̥i gləi
n̥i⁵³ mjaŋ¹ earth and fire man and nature earth and fire man and nature see mjaŋ1 499
n̥jɛn¹ Plants ɲiim Cognate certain
n̥wɑi¹ Time n̥ooi Cognate certain
n̥wɑn⁷ insects activities involving the body ɲuət Cognate certain
n̥ɔ⁴
n̥ɔ⁴ təi⁵ writing ʨɑi Cognate certain kyɑi Cognate certain n̥ɔ təi
n̥ɔi¹
n̥ɔʔ⁴ birds noʔ Cognate certain
n̥ɔʔ⁷ activities involving the body ɲwət Cognate certain
n̥ɔʔ⁴ body parts and functions niɑo Borrowing Source certain
n̥ɔʔ⁴ təi⁵ body parts and functions 尿+ ʨɑi Cognate certain n̥ɔʔ təi
n̥ən⁵ man and plants ɲom Cognate certain
n̥ən³ Tools in bu2 24~ dipper made fr. calabash
n̥ən⁵ Adj. --3 Bro 18.6 ɲɑŋ2 kwən3 ku1 n̥ən5 pun7 kwən7 ljɑ7 he had (already) gone very far away;ɬɑŋ1 n̥ən5 kwən7 (has gotten) very tall
n̥ən³ nɑ² activities involving the body cf SEE n̥om Cognate certain n̥ən nɑ
n̥ənʔ⁷ activities involving the body n̥ənʔ7- n̥ənʔ7 pɛʔ4 a disease like TB n̥op Cognate certain
n̥ɛŋ¹
n̥ɛʔ⁴ activities involving the body
n̥ɑn⁵ activities involving the body
n̥ɑn³ sickness ŋ̊j>ngj? ǰuən Cognate possible
n̥ɑnʔ⁷ Tools ɲ̥ɑɑp Cognate certain
n̥ɑu³ thoughts lu2 khuʔ7 Comparison Form
n̥ɑŋ⁵ Food and Drink staple food n̥ɑɑŋ Cognate certain
n̥ɑŋ⁵³
n̥ɑŋ⁵³ tɔ⁷ Food and Drink less watery than həu2 tʂou Borrowing Source certain ʦwoʔ Cognate certain n̥ɑŋ tɔ
pat⁷ Tools pɑt Cognate certain
pau³ earth and fire food preparation and utensils puə Cognate certain
phi⁷ Tools in lɑi2 phi7 鏵
phi⁴
phi³
phi⁴ nɑ² activities involving the body n̥ən3 nɑ2 Comparison Form possible pwɑt Cognate certain phi nɑ
phin⁵ Clothing phin Cognate possible
phjun¹
phjɛn⁴ Other Physical Activities pho Borrowing Source certain phjet (phiət) Cognate certain
phjɑʔ⁴ Location and Movement pjeʔ Cognate certain
phli³ activities involving people
phlu⁴ pêâ2u plạu Cognate possible
phlɔ⁴ Location and Movement pjo Cognate certain plɔ Comparison Form plɔŋ Comparison Form
phlə⁵³ chɔ⁷ body parts and functions
phlən¹ activities involving people phjun Cognate certain
phlɛʔ⁴ activities involving the body (middle Chinese) 拉 lập pɛŋ 1 Cognate certain lɑ1 Borrowing Source possible
phu⁵ building, construction kom Comparison Form certain
phɔ⁴ Nature and Natural Phenomena Nature and Natural Phenomena weather, sky and light poʔ Cognate certain bɑo Borrowing Source certain
phɔŋ¹ insects fʌŋ Borrowing Source certain
phɔŋ³ activities involving the body measures phəŋ Borrowing Source certain phwəŋ Cognate certain
phɔŋ¹ Plants phoŋ Cognate possible
phɔʔ⁴ vegetables luo2bo1/2 Borrowing Source certain pɑʔ Cognate certain
phəi¹ activities involving people e.g. grain or clothes phuui Cognate certain
phənʔ⁴ activities involving the body activities involving the body
phəu¹ mills?;mills? tim Comparison Form
phɛ⁷
phɛ⁵ activities involving people phɑi Borrowing Source certain phɑɑi Cognate certain
phɛʔ⁴ colors pɑe Borrowing Source certain pɛʔ Cognate certain
phɛʔ⁴ khwɑi⁵ sickness phɛʔ4 white phɛʔ khwɑi
phɛʔ⁴ n̥ɔi¹ Time Time ?白 + phɛʔ n̥ɔi
phɑ⁴ activities involving the body phəŋ Borrowing Source certain puəŋ Cognate possible
phɑi⁷
phɑi³
phɑi⁵³
phɑi⁵³ səu¹ cɑ⁷ grooming cɑ7: cf. clf limbs, bowls 篦/ 梳 ʦɑʔ Cognate certain phɑi səu cɑ
phɑi⁷ səu³ Animals bɑp8 buui1 Cognate certain phɑi səu
phɑu⁵³ body parts and functions
phɑu⁴ body parts and functions
phɑu⁵³ dɔʔ⁷ body parts and functions tsau5 doʔ7 pwo4 duʔ7 Cognate certain phɑu dɔʔ
phɑu⁵³ khən¹ adornments pau4: hand phɑu khən
phɑu⁵³ klɑŋ¹ body parts and functions shoulder+neck(sandhi aspiration) phɑu klɑŋ
phɑu⁵³ uŋ³ body parts and functions hand+ puə ʦɑɑŋ3 Cognate certain phɑu uŋ
phɑŋ⁷
phɑŋ⁷ kwɛ⁷ body parts and functions cf PALM khɔ:m Comparison Form possible puə khəm3 Comparison Form possible phɑŋ kwɛ
pi¹ insects pje Cognate certain
pin²
pin² tin² pɑŋ² tɑŋ² sound 3 BR 17.6 pin tin pɑŋ tɑŋ
piʔ⁴ activities involving the body
pja⁷ Commerce markets and shopping money Commerce markets and shopping money
pjaŋ¹ earth and fire pəŋ Borrowing Source certain
pjɔ⁷ food preparation and utensils activities not involving people Activities påk Borrowing Source certain mɛʔ Comparison Form certain
pjəu³ kinship pjəu3 kɔ1, pjəu3 tsəi3 1st cousins ; pjəu3 ti ɲi2 2nd cousin
pjɛ³ staple food 餅
pjɛ⁵ activities involving the body piiŋ Cognate certain peaŋ- Borrowing Source certain
pjɛn⁵ measures measures pjɛn 5 dən 2 half way up a mountain pɑn Borrowing Source certain pwɑn Cognate certain
pjɛn¹ Other Physical Activities pjen Cognate certain
pjɛn⁴ Animals wild animals birds fish domestic animals used in hən4 pjɛn4
pjɛn¹ activities involving the body grooming piən Borrowing Source certain
pjɛnʔ⁴ body parts and functions phɑn Borrowing Source certain pjɛn2 Cognate certain
pjɑ² Types of People
pjɑ⁴ pjɑ Comparison Form possible
pjɑn² activities not involving people mjen Cognate possible
pjɑt⁷ States or Qualities bjut Cognate certain
pjɑu¹ activities involving people pɑu Borrowing Source certain peu Cognate certain
pjɑu³ Sensations States or Qualities pɑu Borrowing Source certain peu Cognate certain
pjɑu³ fruits pjou Cognate certain
pjɑu²
pjɑŋ² flowers and grasses pjɑŋ Cognate certain
pli³ body parts and functions pjei Cognate certain pyei Cognate certain pyei Cognate certain pjăi Cognate certain mu2 gooŋ3 Comparison Form
pli⁵³ body parts and functions
pli¹ body parts and functions body parts and functions body parts and functions pjei Cognate certain ̆pjɑ̆i Cognate certain piêy Cognate certain
pli⁴ activities involving people activities involving people
pli
pli(³)⁵³ ʣɔŋ¹ body parts and functions pu2 pjei1 Cognate certain
pli⁵³ cwɑiʔ⁴ body parts and functions 膝 ʦɑu5 bɔ6 (gɑɑi5) Cognate certain xláu chong2 Comparison Form certain pli cwɑiʔ
pli⁵³ ɕɛn¹ gwɑi⁵ body parts and functions body parts and functions ɕɛn1 heart(seat of em.); gwɑi5 'cover'? (bnd.) ɕɛn1 heart(seat of emotions); gwɑi5 'cover'? (bnd.) pli ɕɛn gwɑi
plin⁴ Other Physical Activities Other Physical Activities
plu² Other Physical Activities phju Cognate certain
plu⁷ activities not involving people e.g. chicken to pluck 燙
plɔ³ weather, sky and light Food and Drink Activities water weather, sky and light Food and Drink Activities water weather, sky and light Food and Drink Activities water phyɑɑi Cognate certain pyob Cognate certain
plɔŋ⁵ place, direction, distance Other Physical Activities activities not involving people phlɔ Comparison Form
plɔŋ² States or Qualities pju Cognate possible
plɔŋ² Plants vegetables staple food rice, cabbage, thorn, yam/potato pom Cognate certain
plə⁵³ tɑu² body parts and functions possible that plə4 means head pjɔŋ Cognate certain
pləi¹ Quantity or Numbers pie Cognate certain piêy Cognate certain pjei Cognate certain
pləi⁵ activities involving the body
pləi² Other Physical Activities plɑ Comparison Form
plən² Plants flowers and grasses ʤwə̱n tə̱i ʤin2 ʤin2 plən4 lɑ̱̱i It's all just thorns and thickets. phən Borrowing Source possible
plən¹ sight, shape sight, shape ɲuŋ2:4 plən1 striped (spotted) cow pen Cognate certain
plən¹ sight, shape sight, shape ɲuŋ 2:4 ~ striped (spotted) cow. also see 315
plən⁵³ kwɑŋ⁷ weather, sky and light weather, sky and light cf. plən1 striped
plɛ² activities involving people
plɛŋ¹ activities involving the body
plɑ² activities involving people activities involving people pyɑ Cognate certain plɑ Comparison Form
plɑ⁷ measures sight, shape tone questionable pjɑi Cognate certain
plɑ³ sound pjɑu Cognate certain pjɑu Cognate certain
plɑ² activities involving people activities involving people pləi Comparison Form
plɑ¹ Quantity or Numbers pjɑ Cognate certain pjɑ Cognate certain
plɑ⁵³
plɑ² Transportation pjɑ Cognate certain
plɑ³ Dwelling also see 395 xlăt7/8 Cognate certain
plɑ¹
plɑ⁷ plâ chɑn kwă cwān kɑ tàu around 10-some jin apiece
plɑ³⁵³ ʦi⁷ parts of a house ʨi Borrowing Source certain plɑ ʦi
plɑ⁵³ jɑu² parts of a house djou Cognate certain plɑ jɑu
plɑi⁴ Activities as in: sun through clouds, stuffing from quilting, intestines from wound
plɑn² activities not involving people pyɔm Cognate certain pyom Cognate certain
plɑu⁵ Other Physical Activities pjop Comparison Form
pu²
pun¹ Time appears in Three Brothers page 9, line 5
pun⁷ motion [pɰn7]
puŋ²
puŋ²
puŋ² puŋ² entertainment puŋ puŋ
puʔ⁴ domestic animals domestic animals domestic animals domestic animals domestic animals 孵 pwo Cognate certain
pɔŋ³ States or Qualities puəŋ Cognate certain
pɔŋ⁴ Other Physical Activities Activities puəŋ Cognate certain
pɔŋ¹ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior pɔŋ Borrowing Source
pɔŋ⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ Types of People Types of People ?pɔŋ ?pɔŋ1 疯 pɔŋ ʦɑŋ
pə⁴ Tools pjɑ Cognate certain
pə¹ parts of a house
pə⁵ activities involving people puŋ Cognate possible
pə² parts of a house puŋ Cognate certain fɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
pəi² sight, shape
pəi² activities involving people as in pəi2 ljɑŋ4 'apologize' phei Borrowing Source certain pwei Cognate certain
pəi¹ Mental Activities e.g. a sick person ṃpəi1 min4 不知人 ; m3 pəi1 lwə2 unconscious; pəi1 lwə2 come to one's senses pei Cognate certain
pəi¹
pəi (~pɛ)³ nin2 pəi3 kəu daŋ1 he's taller than me pəi Cognate certain pi Borrowing Source certain
pəi(²)⁵³ fruits fruits as in pəi(2)53 pa2 loquat as in pəi(2)53 pa2 loquat
pəi(²)⁵³ pɑ² fruits pa2 in pəi(2)53 pɑ2 pəi(2) pɑ
pəi¹⁵³ ʨi⁵ Culture and Education Culture and Education 碑 + 記? pəi ʨi
pəi⁵³ pɑ² fruits 枇杷 pəi(2) pɑ
pən
pən¹ pun Cognate certain
pən⁵ States or Qualities peen Cognate certain piɛn Borrowing Source certain
pən³ Dwelling Dwelling
pən³
pən⁵³ si⁵ bən3 ʂi4 Borrowing Source certain pən si
pən⁵³ ʣənʔ⁴ trees ban3 li4 Borrowing Source certain djɑŋ5 pən3 Comparison Form certain pən ʣənʔ
pət⁷ second system pet Cognate certain
pəu⁴ writing pwən Cognate possible
pəu² activities involving the body ɬoop Comparison Form
pəu¹
pəu¹
pəu² Religion, Customs, and Social Mores fu Borrowing Source certain
pɛ² entertainment phai Borrowing Source certain
pɛ² States or Qualities pɛɛŋ Cognate certain phiŋ Borrowing Source certain
pɛ² Food and Drink food preparation and utensils pɛɛŋ Cognate certain
pɛ⁵ Common Tools pɛɛŋ Cognate certain pɑ Borrowing Source certain
pɛ² Transportation phɑi Borrowing Source certain bɑi Cognate certain
pɛŋ⁵ man and plants pɛŋ Comparison Form certain
pɛʔ⁷
pɛʔ⁷ kinship pɛʔ Cognate certain
pɛʔ⁴
pɛʔ⁴ sickness pɛŋ Cognate certain
pɛʔ⁴ phɔŋ¹ insects pɛʔ phɔŋ
pɑ⁷
pɑ⁴ pɑi Borrowing Source certain
pɑ⁴ kinship Guanyin?
pɑ³ Tools scissors, lock, fan, umbrella, scales pɑ Borrowing Source certain pɑ Cognate certain
pɑ² fruits fruits
pɑ² man and plants man and plants pɑ Cognate certain
pɑ¹ battle and injuries pɑ Borrowing Source certain pɑ Cognate certain
pɑ⁴ pɑ⁴ mj̥ɛn³ religion pɑ4 Comparison Form pɑ pɑ mj̥ɛn
pɑi⁵³
pɑi¹ States or Qualities
pɑi¹ ʦɑu⁵ Types of People crippled + leg ʦɑu5 bɑi1 Cognate certain pɑi ʦɑu
pɑi⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ sickness put7 ʨwɑŋ3 Cognate certain pɑi ʦɑŋ
pɑn¹
pɑn⁵ based on the Chinese cognate phiɛn Borrowing Source certain
pɑn¹ mɑ⁴ sickness pɑn mɑ
pɑn¹ mɑʔ⁴ sickness (ʦhuət7) m̥ɑn1 Cognate possible pɑn mɑʔ
pɑn¹ ʨi¹ birds ban1 ʨioɷ1 Borrowing Source certain pɑn ʨi
pɑn⁵ klɑt⁷ human interaction p’iɛn Borrowing Source certain pɑn klɑt
pɑn⁵ klɑt⁷ human interaction klat7 joke 骗
pɑu¹ Quantity or Numbers pwo Cognate certain puə Cognate certain
pɑuʔ¹
pɑuʔ⁴ body parts and functions as in phɑu53 ɑ1 'part between thumb and forefinger' (frequently undergoes tone sandhi) pwo Cognate certain puə Cognate certain
pɑŋ²
pɑŋ¹ human interaction paŋ1 məi wəi do it for you
pɑŋ¹
pɑŋ
pɑŋ⁵³ swə³ body parts and functions swə3 bone ŋɑ2 sɛ1 pɑŋ1 Comparison Form possible pɑŋ swə
pɑʔ⁴ kinship
pɑʔ⁴
pɑʔ⁴ phi³ body parts and functions tiet Cognate certain pɑʔ phi
s(w)ɔ¹ weather, sky and light ʂuɑŋ Borrowing Source certain sooŋ Cognate certain
si⁵
sin¹ trees sɑ2 mwoʔ8 djɑŋ5 Comparison Form
sin(¹)⁵³ phɛ⁷ trees ʂan1 bo2 Borrowing Source sin phɛ
sjɛ¹
sjɛ⁵³ ʦaŋ³ weather, sky and light sjɛ ʦaŋ
su³ housework phwɑt Comparison Form
su¹
su³ kwɑn³ housework su3 sweep phwɑt7 dɑu1 kɑɑn3 Cognate certain su kwɑn
sui⁵ water fuui Cognate certain
sui⁵ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning suui Cognate certain
sui
sui³ body parts and functions
sui⁵³ bjɑʔ⁴ insects sɑp7.8 pɑŋ1 Comparison Form certain sui bjɑʔ
sun⁵ measures Quantity or Numbers fun Cognate certain
sun² Location and Movement
sun² man and nature as in sun2 hjɑ5
suən¹
swə⁵ socializing sɷɴ Borrowing Source certain fuŋ Cognate certain
swə¹ Quantity or Numbers body parts (eye, ear), chapsticks ʂuaŋ Borrowing Source certain
swə³ body parts and functions buŋ Cognate certain suŋ2->3'/5 Cognate
swəi¹ taste suui Cognate certain
swəi¹ garments garments not in 'serata'(prh. not used in Laos/ Thail.) fei1 ei1 Cognate certain
swən³ man and animals
swən¹ Animals as in həu2:4 swən1
swɑi⁷ Time
swɑi³ earth and fire sɑɑi Cognate certain
swɑnʔ⁷ activities involving people Activities as in swɑn7 cəi2 a whip
sɔ³ parts of a house suo Borrowing Source certain fo Cognate certain
sɔ⁵
sɔ⁵ ləi² States or Qualities sɔ ləi
sɔŋ³ activities involving the body fooŋ Cognate certain
sɔŋ⁵ bedding swɑŋ Cognate certain
sɔŋ⁵ ɕʲu⁵ bedding bedding sɔŋ5 quilt sɔŋ ɕʲu
səi⁵ second system
səi⁵ Activities ʂi Borrowing Source certain səi Cognate certain
səi¹ Culture and Education fəi Cognate certain
səi⁵
səi¹ kɑu5 məi2 səi1 barely, rarely ʦʰae Borrowing Source certain
səi¹
səi¹ lɛ³ Communication Communication məi2 m3 pun7 səi1 lɛ3 You're not going? (Everyone else is) məi2 hai7 ɕa1 səi1 lɛ3 You can write it? (I didn't think you could.) səi lɛ
sən¹
sən¹ dəu⁵ vegetables ʂʌŋ1 doɷ4 Borrowing Source possible sən dəu
sənʔ⁷ insects sɑp Cognate certain
səu³ activities involving the body sou Cognate certain
səu¹
səu¹ Activities swei Cognate certain
səu¹ markets and shopping yu Borrowing Source possible hei Comparison Form
səu³ category uncertain
səu¹ education writing sou Cognate certain
səu³ Quantity or Numbers precedes classifier
səu³
sɛ¹ man and plants ʂae Borrowing Source certain sjɑŋ Cognate certain
sɛ¹ body parts and functions States or Qualities bɑ3sɛ1 copulate (of animals), tɑu2 sɛ1 livestock ʂʌŋ Borrowing Source certain sɛɛŋ Cognate certain juŋ Comparison Form
sɛ⁰
sɛ¹.⁷ ɲi⁴ business ʂʌŋ ji Borrowing Source certain sɛ ɲi
sɛ⁵³ cuəʔ⁴ herbs sɛ53 ɲin4 kwɑ1 Comparison Form possible suŋ Cognate certain xluông Cognate certain sɛ cuəʔ
sɛ⁵³ ɲin⁴ kwɑ¹ vegetables sɛ ɲin kwɑ
sɛ⁵³ ɲinʔ⁴ kwɑ¹ vegetables 生+eat+melon sɛ ɲinʔ kwɑ
sɑ⁵ domestic animals sjɑɑu Cognate certain sɑɑu Borrowing Source certain
sɑ⁵ place, direction, distance motion fɑɑu Cognate certain
sɑ¹ body parts and functions Sensations Bunu ta6ɕa1 siə Cognate certain
sɑ⁷ Types of People
sɑ¹ Commerce sɑ1 ʈwə5 to give credit, sɑ[53] ʈwə5 credit (n.)
sɑ⁵³⁰ Quantity or Numbers as in sɑ53 chɑt4 30,sɑ53 (tɕi4) in4 31 bound morpheme three only in 30's
sɑi³ insects dzei Cognate certain
sɑi³ food preparation and utensils
sɑi¹ fish
sɑi³ earth and fire man and nature
sɑi(¹)⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ wild animals ʂi1 ʦi3 Borrowing Source certain sɑi ʦɑŋ
sɑi¹ oŋ¹
sɑi⁵³ kɔŋ¹ Types of People ʂi Borrowing Source certain sɑi1 oŋ1 Cognate certain sɑi kɔŋ
sɑn³ body parts and functions dzjɑɑm Cognate certain
sɑn² sight, shape States or Qualities e.g. of a tree or bush
sɑn¹ Quantity or Numbers second set of numerals
sɑu³ V+sɑu3; tswəi sɑu3 chā pûn go by bus; ɕɑ sɑu3 nin written; khân gjău glân sɑu2 nin (it's) cut with scissors
sɑu³ Quantity or Numbers ʂu Borrowing Source certain sɑɑu Cognate certain
sɑu³ States or Qualities as in the Three Brothers 4.7 ʂɑo Borrowing Source possible
sɑu³
sɑu³ weather, sky and light sjou Cognate certain
sɑu⁷ V1 tu7 nɑ2 V2 sɑu7 V1 so much that V2, as in Three Sisters 25.5
sɑu⁵ Quantity or Numbers as in mɑ2 sɑu5 know how many ʂu Borrowing Source certain səu Cognate certain
sɑu³ insects dzjou Cognate certain
sɑu¹ man and plants ʂoʊ Borrowing Source certain sjou Cognate certain
sɑu¹ building, construction ɕioʊ Borrowing Source certain
sɑŋ¹ sickness tʂʰuɑŋ Borrowing Source possible
sɑŋ³ Activities not a coverb
sɑŋ¹ States or Qualities sjɑŋ Cognate certain
sɑʔ⁷ Types of People sjeʔ Cognate certain
tau²
thinʔ⁷ activities involving the body ɲet Comparison Form
thjɛ⁷ Tools battle and injuries
thjɛ¹ food preparation and utensils ʦhɑɑŋ Borrowing Source possible ʦhɛŋ bei2 Cognate certain
thjɛ⁷ jɛn² wild animals djən2 ʣei6 Cognate certain thjɛ jɛn
thjɛn⁵³
thjɛn⁷
thjɛn⁵³
thjɛn⁵³ ʨɛ³ parts of a house thjɛn53 plɑ1 Comparison Form thjɛn53 ʨ(j)ɛ
thjɛn⁵³ plɑ¹ parts of a house see diagram 9/16 notes thjɛn53 ʨɛ3 Comparison Form thiŋ Borrowing Source certain thjɛn plɑ
thjɛn⁵³ tɑu³ housework Tools also by /tjɛn/turn over? thjɛn tɑu
thjɑ⁷ body parts and functions ɬɑu3~ bmb. node; phɑu53 ~ finger joint ɲɑt Cognate possible
thjɑu
thjɑu⁵ feelings as in n3 kɑ4 thjɑu5 reg. 'good'
thjɑu¹ ʦiəu Comparison Form
thjɑu⁵³ lɑi¹ vegetables thjɑu lɑi
thonʔ⁴ Plants alos thɛn4 cf. thɛn4 kun3 top Cognate certain
thu¹ grooming
thu³
thu⁴
thu⁵ Quantity or Numbers thɔŋ Cognate certain dzun Cognate certain
thu³ kɑu³ Religion, Customs, and Social Mores customs t’ɑo3 ʨʰi1 Borrowing Source certain thu kɑu
thu⁴ cɑn⁷ States or Qualities Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior thu cɑn
thunʔ⁷ activities involving the body t’uo Borrowing Source certain thut Cognate certain
thuŋ¹ Quantity or Numbers
thuŋ¹ Quantity or Numbers toɴ Borrowing Source certain
thwə⁵³
thwə⁵³ glu² Dwelling twə4 pig tuŋ4 ʥu2 Cognate certain ǰo1 Cognate go2 Cognate gô(4) Cognate thwə glu
thwəi⁵³
thwəi¹ earth and fire
thwəi⁵³ pɑuʔ⁴ Tools phɑo Borrowing Source certain thwəi pɑuʔ
thwɑi⁵ motion t’ueɪ Borrowing Source certain thuui Cognate certain
thɔʔ (səu)⁴ education du Borrowing Source certain tuʔ Cognate certain
thəi¹ Tools thei Cognate certain
thəi⁵
thəi⁵ grooming t’i Borrowing Source certain thəi Cognate certain
thəi⁵ wəi² thoughts thəi wəi
thəu⁰
thəu⁷ thou Cognate certain
thəu⁴ thɑn⁵ food preparation and utensils /təu4 ~/ təu:fire, ~ 炭 t’an Borrowing Source certain təu thɑn
thəu⁵³ twən³ earth and fire earth and fire təu4 'fire' thəu twən
thəu⁵³ ɲəu⁴ Communication t’u3 ju3 Borrowing Source certain thəu ɲəu
thəu⁵³ ɲəu⁷ ⁴ Communication t’u3 ju3 Borrowing Source certain thəu ɲəu
thəu⁷ ʦɑŋ³ Animals tsaŋ3=子 thou5 Cognate thəu ʦɑŋ
thɛ³
thɛ¹ Human Body t’ai Borrowing Source certain thɔi Cognate certain
thɛnʔ⁴
thɛnʔ⁴ kun³ Plants kun3 probably for thən4 'bean' dou4 gɷɴ1 Borrowing Source thɛnʔ kun
thɑ⁵³
thɑ⁵³ ɕi⁵ tom2 ʣɔi2 Cognate thɑ ɕi
thɑn⁵
thɑn¹ activities involving the body tɑn Borrowing Source certain
thɑt⁴ activities involving the body ŋɑɑt Cognate certain
thɑu³
thɑu³ ʨɛn¹ life cycle thɑu3 ljɑu7 pretty soon ɛit7 khon5 Comparison Form possible thɑu ʨɛn
ti³ ti3 tu7 be valuablenot usually followed by V; ti3 tsm2 be valuable (worth many) tʂi Borrowing Source certain tiə Cognate certain
ti² human interaction human interaction human interaction human interaction ma4 ti2 nin2 sell to him; nm2 ti2 a.tau2 ŋ̊a7 tai4 kwən he was beaten to death by them. 18.5 di Borrowing Source certain ti Cognate certain
ti¹
ti³
ti⁰
ti² Other Physical Activities uui Comparison Form
ti⁴ adornments thi53 twanʔ7 small bag thi53 twanʧ'7 small bag twɑi Cognate certain tɔi Cognate certain dae Borrowing Source certain
ti⁵ Dwelling clf fishseale, mushroom, leaf (small), fingernail, hip, board, small piece or slice of meat təi Cognate possible
ti¹ ti³ ɲɑ² kinship mɑ6 tje3 Cognate possible ti ti ɲɑ
ti³ tu⁷ Mental Activities feelings thoughts ti3 tu7 cəi4 nin2 it sems to be him; nin2 ti3 tu7 n5 ɕɑŋ tɑ2 he doesn't seem to want to come ti tu
ti³ tu⁷ States or Qualities States or Qualities ti3 tu7 cəi4 nin2 it seems to be him; nin2 ti3 tu7 n5 ɕaŋ ta2 he doesn't seem to want to come. si Borrowing Source possible ti tu
ti³¹ ɲəuʔ⁴ kinship kinship fun sje ti ɲəuʔ
ti⁴⁴ sɑʔ⁷ kinship sjeʔ Cognate certain ti sɑʔ
ti⁴⁴sɑʔ⁷ kinship sjeʔ Cognate certain
ti⁵³ ti³ kinship ti ti
ti⁵³ ɲi² kinship fun Cognate certain ti ɲi
ti⁵³ɳi² Human Relationships kinship fun Comparison Form
ti⁵⁴ɳəuʔ⁴ kinship fun sje
tin⁴
tin²
tin⁵
tin⁴ States or Qualities modifier tom Cognate certain
tin³ activities involving people tim Cognate certain diɛn Borrowing Source certain
tin⁴ tiŋ⁵³ liŋ³ insects tin tiŋ liŋ
tin⁴ klɑŋ³ birds tom2 ʨɑɑŋ3 Cognate certain klaaŋ1 Cognate tin klɑŋ
tin⁵ ɟɑiʔ⁴ kinship tin ɟɑiʔ
tinʔ⁴
tinʔ⁴ bin³ sickness tinʔ bin
tiu¹ Occupations activities involving people diɑo Borrowing Source certain
tiu² clf, pfx classifier for river, dragon, eel, hair (not on body), intestine, sash, table, chair, stool, song tiu Cognate certain tiɑo Borrowing Source certain
tiu³
tiu³
tiu³
tiu³
tiu³
tiu³
tiu⁵³
tiu⁵³ bu² Food and Drink Food and Drink tiu bu
tiu⁵³ pu² Food and Drink States or Qualities also tiu53 pu2 khwɑn7 tiu pu
tiŋ¹
tiŋ¹ activities involving people
tiŋ⁵ place, direction, distance diɴ Borrowing Source certain
tiŋ³
tiŋ² water tsem Cognate possible tʂʰən Borrowing Source certain
tiŋ
tiə³
tju³ Food and Drink tiu3 /tyu/ tiu Cognate certain
tjɔ⁴
tjɔ⁴ kɔŋ¹ Types of People tʂʰɑŋ2 gɷɴ1 Borrowing Source possible tjɔ kɔŋ
tjɔʔ⁴ Quantity or Numbers
tjɛ¹ Tools tiiŋ Cognate possible
tjɛ⁵ Tools tiiŋ Comparison Form tjɛ Comparison Form
tjɛ⁵ Other Physical Activities Other Physical Activities
tjɛ⁵³
tjɛ⁵³ ʨhɔ³ Occupations tjɛ ʨhɔ
tjɛn² Other Physical Activities
tjɛn¹
tjɛn¹ ʦɑŋ³ Types of People diɛn Borrowing Source certain ʨen5 put7 din1 Cognate certain tjɛn ʦɑŋ
tjɛ̤⁷ business money tseʔ Cognate certain tʂai Borrowing Source certain
tjɑ¹ kinship tje Cognate certain
tjɑn³ water also classifier for(oil) lamps djɑnʔ Comparison Form possible
tjɑu⁴ food preparation and utensils sealable, pickling, liquor
tjɑʔ⁷ activities involving the body ?pM *ʈh 13 C tshut Cognate certain
tsɑu⁵ body parts and functions tsɑu Cognate certain ʨiɑo Comparison Form
tu¹ Quantity or Numbers plī tū b(ɸ?)a̱ ī tɛī there's not even a hair
tu¹ Quantity or Numbers N tu1 ɬɑ4 i1 classifier not even a N, nothing at all dou Borrowing Source certain
tu⁷ motion V + tu7 'can't V' V + tu7 can't V, 能 tuʔ Cognate certain
tu⁷
tu⁵ place, direction, distance thau Cognate certain
tui³ insects man and animals
tui² weather, sky and light tuui Cognate certain
tui⁷ business business
tuŋ⁴
tuŋ²
tuŋ² 34.5 tùŋ N wə2 hjɛ̱n ʨɛ1 towards N, over there around N
tuŋ² ʣɑu⁴ tuŋ ʣɑu
tuŋ⁴ klɑ² things to drink and smoke tuŋ klɑ
tuŋ⁴ kɑn⁴ tuŋ kɑn
tuŋ⁴ kɑn⁴ kɑn Cognate certain đikí Comparison Form possible tuŋ kɑn
tuə⁴ domestic animals tuŋ Cognate certain toŋ Cognate certain
twə⁵ business sɑ1 ~ give credit;sɑ53 ~ credit (n.) tʂɑŋ Cognate certain
twə⁴
twəi¹ Other Physical Activities duui Cognate certain dueɪ Borrowing Source certain
twən³
twɑi⁵ twai5 kwə log good to me; kwə twai mə cɔ1 I say to you; pair of earrings, bracelets, domestic animals tɔi Cognate certain twɑi Comparison Form (d)ɔɔí Comparison Form d̥ueɪ Borrowing Source certain
twɑi⁵ food preparation and utensils Tools tɔi Cognate certain d̥ui Borrowing Source certain
twɑi⁴ 3 Bro. 5.6, 7.3 also məi2(you) na2(at) wəi5(do) di5dəi2(what) twai4 What are you doing?
twɑi⁶
twɑi⁵ khən³ Tools tɔi5 khom3 Cognate certain tɑʔ8 khom3 Cognate certain côm2 sâu4/5' Cognate certain ʨiou4 k’an3 Borrowing Source certain twɑi khən
twɑn¹ kinship toon Cognate certain
twɑn⁷ Animals t(h)wə4 ~ 'piglet'
tɔ⁴ motion cwə4 9/24; cwɔʔ4 9/21 ʨʰi Borrowing Source certain ciə Cognate certain què Cognate certain
tɔ⁷
tɔ⁵ activities involving the body
tɔ⁵³
tɔ⁴
tɔ² place, direction, distance clf. places cf na2 tɔ4 təu səu3 that place
tɔ⁴ food preparation and utensils thɔ53 wɑn3 Comparison Form
tɔ(⁵)⁵³ djɑŋ⁵ n̥ɔʔ⁴ birds tʂuo Borrowing Source possible tɔ djɑŋ n̥ɔʔ
tɔ⁴ m̥ɛ⁴ grains ʨʰiɑo2 mae4 Borrowing Source certain kjɑɑu Cognate certain tɔ m̥ɛ
tɔ⁵³ ʦui³ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning ʦui3 mouth tɔ ʦui
tɔ⁵³tsui³ Furniture tsui3 month
tɔi⁶ adornments
tɔŋ¹ Furniture tɑŋ Cognate certain
tɔŋ² colors earth and fire toŋ Cognate certain
tɔŋ⁴ motion 36.2 tɔ̱ŋ; 37.6
tɔŋ¹.⁷
tɔŋ⁵ earth and fire
tɔŋ¹ . ⁷ kən¹ Time tɔŋ kən
təi⁴ Quantity or Numbers Dem.--like (numerals can't precede ljɑu5)mɑ2 ~ ljɑu5 sometimes
təi⁴ Quantity or Numbers precedes classifier, ljǎu 'time' nìn hɔ̱lău kwəˆn tə̱inɔ˄ (he's learned (only)a few (of the thousands of characters)
təi⁵
təi⁴
təi² body parts and functions t’i Borrowing Source certain tei Cognate certain
təi⁵ body parts and functions tinʔ7(skin) təi5 navel;kwɑ53 təi5 melon 'navel' (stem attaches) di Borrowing Source certain
təi⁴ man and plants dei Cognate certain ljɑŋ Comparison Form
təi⁴ -- serves 2 numerals~ in7 first;~ ɲi1 second
tən³ activities involving the body doop Comparison Form
təu⁴ earth and fire
təu⁴ earth and fire thəu53 twən3 embers tou Cognate certain
təu⁵ Furniture Tools
təu⁵
təu³ du Borrowing Source certain
təuʔ⁴
təuʔ⁴ səu³ place, direction, distance suo Borrowing Source possible təuʔ səu
tɛ² Furniture tje Cognate certain
tɛ¹ activities involving the body
tɛ³ Tools tɛ3 chɔŋ5 shoot a gun; tɛ3 ʨiu5 celebrate All Souls打醮 tɑ3 ɬjeʔ7 Cognate certain
tɛ⁵ activities involving the body dae Borrowing Source certain
tɛ¹
tɛ⁴ tɛ4 ɬɑ5 some other month; tɛ4 pən1 some other time;tɛ4 ljɑu5 later on, afterwards
tɛ¹ klɔ⁴ hɔ¹ activities involving the body khɑn2 luəi6 Cognate certain tɛ klɔ hɔ
tɛ¹ klɔ⁴ hɔ¹ body parts and functions co3/5 hao1 Cognate certain tɛ klɔ hɔ
tɛi¹ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior
tɛŋ¹ activities involving the body
tɑ⁴ festivals and holidays festivals and holidays tsīɑ(1) or ?tsĩɑ Cognate possible ʂɤʌ Borrowing Source certain
tɑ⁵ adornments d̥ae Borrowing Source certain
tɑ⁵
tɑ⁰
tɑ¹ 34.4;36.5;36.7 ...tā wă ' 的活 '; 42.1
tɑ⁷ sight, shape
tɑ² motion tɑɑi Cognate certain
tɑ⁴⁴ lu⁵³ kɔŋ¹ kinship lu53 老; kɔŋ1公 tɑ lu kɔŋ
tɑ⁵³ mɔŋʔ⁴ Tools tɑ mɔŋʔ
tɑ⁵³ tɑ⁵ kinship tɑ tɑ
tɑ⁵⁴ lu⁵³ ʦəu³ kinship oŋ1 tɑ1 Cognate certain tɑ lu ʦən
tɑ⁷ hwə⁵ place, direction, distance 倒+ towards tɑ hwə
tɑi⁴ Life, Sickness, and Death life cycle tɑi Cognate certain
tɑi⁵ Life, Sickness, and Death battle and injuries tɑi Cognate certain
tɑn⁷ Communication da Borrowing Source certain tɑɑp Cognate certain
tɑn¹ Quantity or Numbers
tɑn²
tɑn³ body parts and functions tɑɑm Cognate certain
tɑn¹ sɛ¹ kɔŋ¹ Types of People tɑn1單; sɛ1生; kɔŋ1公 tɑn sɛ kɔŋ
tɑn² phɛʔ⁴ Communication t’an2 bae2 Borrowing Source certain tɑn phɛʔ
tɑu³
tɑu⁵ Human Relationships tɑu Cognate certain
tɑu⁴ Plants in ɬjɔ4 tɑu4 green (mung) bean (also? moss 12/23)
tɑu³ measures measures ʦuŋ Cognate tɑɑp Cognate
tɑu³ motion motion as in ~ hjɑ5; S.W.? to turn over in thjɛn53 tɑu3 dustpan
tɑu² also last (实一个) 30.6S.W.? tɑu 2:4 sɛ1 livestock; all mammals exc. bounces, horse (kɑ5); fish, shrimp, tails, tongues, chest, lung, small of back, armpit, penis, vagina, disease, door, story (floor), cattle pen (~ nɔ1), water canduit, city, yoke, plane (tool), shovel, hook, loom, bow, stirring stick, tilt hammer, broom, raft, market, story, name, dream, ghost tɑu Cognate certain
tɑu¹ earth and fire wɑn1(put) kɑ4 tɑu1
tɑu⁴ Plants as in ɬjɔ4 tau4 green (mung) bean (also moss 12/23)
tɑu²
tɑu⁴ sɛ¹ domestic animals tɑu sɛ
tɑŋ⁵ Furniture dʌŋ Borrowing Source certain tɑŋ Cognate certain
tɑŋ² tɑŋ Cognate certain
tɑŋ
tɑŋ² sight, shape as in lɑi2(plow) ~ harness; ɬjɑ7 (iron) ɕɛn1 (心) ~ wire
tɑŋ⁵ activities involving the body tɑŋ Cognate certain
tɑŋ⁴
tɑŋ²
tɑŋ⁷
tɑŋ⁵³ i³ tɑŋ i
tɑŋ⁵³ təi⁴ wishes tɑŋ təi
tɕhjɛ³ socializing socializing tshiŋ3 Cognate tɕ’iɴ Borrowing Source
tɕi¹ States or Qualities tree, hair(on head), grass, branch, sprout, thorn, onion, beard, ribs, pillar, beam, stick, whip, carrying pole, chopstick (1), candle
tɕi¹ domestic animals tɕai Cognate certain tɕi Borrowing Source certain chay2 Cognate
tɕi⁵ birds tʂʰi Borrowing Source certain
tɕi² man and animals tɕei Cognate certain tɕʰi Borrowing Source certain ke2 Cognate khlam1! Cognate
tɕi³ garments tɕai Cognate certain tɕiɛ Borrowing Source certain
tɕi⁴ Quantity or Numbers tɕi4 ɲi4 12, tɕi4 san1 13, but even 10's use [chat tone 4]
tɕi⁵ human interaction mə4 tɕi5 看一下,ɲɑŋ2 ~ ɲɑŋ2 ~ walked and walked,n5 tɕi5 nɛ so, ....5.1 mɑŋ6 ku3 Cognate certain jɛt8 tɑŋ6 Cognate certain
tɕi¹ garments garments (phoŋ5)
tɕin⁴ place, direction, distance ?fɑt Cognate possible tɕin Borrowing Source certain
tɕinʔ⁷ Activities dzip Cognate certain tɕiɛ Borrowing Source certain
tɕinʔ⁴ birds as in tɕi tɕinʔ4 tɕən Borrowing Source certain
tɕiu⁵ customs 10 月 16 日12/23 tɛ3 tɕiu5 Borrowing Source certain
tɕiʔ⁷ food preparation and utensils food preparation and utensils tsiʔ Cognate certain tɕi Borrowing Source certain
tɕɔ⁴ States or Qualities ɕiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
tɕɔ² building, construction
tɕɔ¹ Food and Drink body parts and functions Food and Drink body parts and functions Food and Drink body parts and functions Food and Drink body parts and functions tɕiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain gooŋ3.2 tsuŋ1 Comparison Form gooŋ3.2 tsuŋ1 Cognate
tɕʲu³ activities involving the body fiəu, fyəu Cognate certain tɕiɑo Borrowing Source certain
ui³ kinship
uŋ¹ activities involving the body
uŋ³
uŋʔ⁴ Quantity or Numbers not wuŋ4
wwnʔ⁷ Other Physical Activities /wun/? wɑ Borrowing Source certain mwoʔ Comparison Form
wə³ wo Cognate certain
wə³ nəi⁵ khwǎ nêià Hurry up! (快点儿) also nəi7 a few təi Cognate wə nəi
wəi⁵ cf. DO,thəi5 wəi2 沧关系
wəi³
wəi²
wəi⁵ activities involving people wei Borrowing Source possible ɑi Cognate certain ɑi Cognate certain thəi5 wəi2 Comparison Form wəi5 tɛɛ3 Comparison Form
wəi¹ Quantity or Numbers i Cognate certain
wəi³ dəi² dəi2 what wəi di5 dəi2
wɛ¹ sight, shape phjen Comparison Form ɑe Comparison Form certain
wɛ⁴ States or Qualities hɑ Cognate possible
wɛ² sight, shape wɛɛŋ Cognate certain hʌŋ Comparison Form certain
wɑ² Religion, Customs, and Social Mores religion customs woman leaves family to marry, funeral; 'sing':ɳɑn3 (weep) wɑ2
wɑ⁴ domestic animals in wa4 ɲuŋ2 ox, 黃牛
wɑ²
wɑ² mi⁴ birds birds wɑ mi
wɑiʔ⁴ weather, sky and light jom Comparison Form
wɑn¹ activities involving people Activities activities involving people Activities activities involving people Activities khan7 səu1 wan1 ka4 tɛ2. səu1 wɔ'n1 ka4 tɛ2 put the book on the table ɑn Cognate certain
wɑn³ food preparation and utensils jwən Cognate certain
wɑn² insects insects ke2ɲoʔ8 Cognate
wɑn² [⁵³] blən³ insects blən3 thin worn like webbing (of cloth) byɔŋ Cognate certain
wɑt⁷ flowers and grasses
wɑŋ²
wɑŋ² colors jwɑŋ Cognate certain
wɑʔ⁴ Culture and Education wɑ Cognate certain huɑ Borrowing Source certain
ŋjɛ³ States or Qualities ɲiŋ Cognate certain
ŋjɛŋ¹
ŋjɛŋ¹
ŋjɛʔ⁷
ŋjɛʔ⁷ kɑi³ body parts and functions ŋjɛʔ kɑi
ŋwɑ parts of a house
ŋɔ² birds ɲe Cognate certain
ŋɔ³ activities involving the body n̥ɑʔ Cognate certain
ŋən⁴
ŋɑ⁵ man and plants activities involving the body man and plants activities involving the body
ŋɑ² Plants ja Borrowing Source certain ɲɑ Cognate certain
ŋɑ¹ activities involving the body
ŋɑ²
ŋɑ⁴
ŋɑ² sɛ¹pɑŋ¹ body parts and functions ŋɑ2 sɛ1: chin ŋɑ sɛ pɑŋ
ŋɑ²⁴²ʔ chɑŋ³ body parts and functions ɲa2 Cognate ŋɑ chɑŋ
ŋɑ²⁵³ sɛ¹ body parts and functions ŋɑ sɛ
ŋɑ⁴ jɛn¹ birds noʔ8 ɑ1 Comparison Form certain ŋɑ jɛn
ŋɑ⁴ ʨɑŋ⁷ Time ŋɑn2 ʨɑŋ1 Cognate certain ŋɑ ʨɑŋ
ŋɑu¹ activities involving the body activities involving the body ŋɑu Cognate certain
ŋɑu³ activities involving the body ŋɔɔŋ Cognate certain
ŋʷɔ⁵³
ŋʷɔ⁵³ kən³ parts of a house ŋwɑ Cognate certain kən ŋʷɔ
ŋ̊jɛʔ⁴ body parts and functions ʦɑu5 klɑŋ1 ŋ̊jɛʔ4 hollow of knee ɲɑu Cognate possible
ŋ̊ɑʔ⁷ activities involving the body ŋhɑɑʔ Cognate certain
ɔ⁴ States or Qualities (no sandhi)as in ɔ4 ʦɑ4 min2 wicked person wu Borrowing Source certain
ɔ⁵ Food and Drink uui Cognate certain ui Cognate certain
ɔ⁷ States or Qualities for predication (compare tin4) tin Comparison Form
ɔ¹
ɔ⁷ sən⁷ birds noʔ8 ɑ1-2 sɛʔ7 Cognate certain ɔ sənʔ
ən⁷
ən⁵ sickness States or Qualities om Cognate certain
ən(¹)⁵³ mi⁴ body parts and functions water +eye ʔən mi
ən¹:⁷ klɑŋ⁴ earth and fire cf. rinse out glɔŋ Cognate certain glo̱ng Cognate certain ʔən klɑŋ
ən⁷ bəu¹ Time ɑn2 n̥ooi1 Comparison Form certain ən bəu
ɛ⁷ earth and fire or: ɛ7 ɛ7 ɑo Borrowing Source certain
ɛ⁵ man and animals mɑŋ Comparison Form
ɛ³ weather, sky and light ɛɛŋ Cognate certain
ɛi⁴
ɲi²
ɲi⁴
ɲi⁴ birds with young
ɲi⁴ Quantity or Numbers ɲəi Comparison Form
ɲi⁵³ sɛ¹ kinship ɲi sɛ
ɲi⁵³ sɛ¹ ɲəuʔ⁴ kinship ny Borrowing Source certain ɲi sɛ ɲəuʔ
ɲin⁴
ɲinʔ⁴ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning ɹan Borrowing Source certain ɲom Cognate certain ŋjom Cognate possible
ɲinʔ⁴ activities involving the body ɲen Comparison Form
ɲuŋ
ɲuŋ² domestic animals domestic animals as in sui3 ɲuŋ2 water buffalo,wɑʔ4 ɲuŋ2 cow 黃牛 ŋoŋ Comparison Form
ɲuŋ ɛ⁷ Transportation ɤʌ Borrowing Source certain ŋoŋ2 ŋɛʔ7 Cognate certain ngòng ẽ(ʔ) Cognate possible ɲuŋ ɛ
ɲuŋ² glɑn² man and animals parts of a house man and animals parts of a house 讕klau/ kan jian 'admonish' 讕klau/ kan jian 'admonish' laan2 Cognate lan2 Comparison Form lan2 Comparison Form ɲuŋ glɑn
ɲuɑn² earth and fire ɲɑɑn Comparison Form
ɲəu⁴
ɲəu⁴
ɲəu³
ɲəu³ min² Types of People ɲəu min
ɲəuʔ⁴
ɲɛn
ɲɛn
ɲɛn cɑŋ⁵ life cycle ɲɛn cɑŋ
ɲɛn cɑŋ⁵ life cycle ~ ~ hjɑu1 young niɛn Borrowing Source certain ɲɛn cɑŋ
ɲɑ³ activities involving the body ɲiə Cognate certain
ɲɑ⁷ Time Time
ɲɑ² kinship niɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
ɲɑ¹ activities involving the body ɲe Cognate certain
ɲɑn⁴ earth and fire
ɲɑn¹ kinship ɲɑɑm Cognate certain
ɲɑn³ Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior ɲom Cognate certain ɲíəm Cognate certain
ɲɑt⁴ Activities ɹən Borrowing Source certain ɲom Cognate certain ɲiəm Cognate certain
ɲɑŋ² activities involving the body jɑŋ Cognate certain
ɲɑŋ² activities involving the body Location and Movement jɑŋ Cognate certain
ɲɑŋ⁷ States or Qualities States or Qualities
ɲɑʔ⁴ feelings feelings Cnt. nam' 'think' ? an2n̥əi3, lak7 Cnt. nam' 'think' ? an2n̥əi3, lak7 lɤʌ Borrowing Source certain test Borrowing Source certain
ɲ̥ɔŋ¹ taste
ɲ̥ɑ⁷
ɲ̥ɑ⁴ Time as in ɲ̥ɑ4 ʦɑŋ3 日子 ɻi Borrowing Source certain
ɲ̥ɑ⁷ ʨɛ⁴ Time ɲ̥ɑ7 ʨɛ4 n̥ɔi1 ɲ̥ɑ ʨɛ
ɲ̥ɑu³ body parts and functions
ɲ̥ɑŋ⁵ Time ɲ̥ɑŋ Comparison Form
ɲ̥ʲəu³
ɲ̥ʲəu³ sɑ¹ touch touch nɑu7 ɲ̥ɑu3 be angry; ɲɑu3 ʦɛ4 knowledgeable; ɲɑ3 ɲɑu3 pregnant(carry+_); ɕəu3 ɲɑu3 narrow-minded, stingy 小气/小氣 nou Cognate certain ɲ̥ʲəu sɑ
ɑ³ Other Physical Activities ɑɑu Cognate certain
ɑ¹
ɑ
ɑ³ activities involving people activities involving people
ɑ¹ Plants as in djɑŋ53ɑ1, ɬɑu ɑ1, phɑu53 a1 between thumb and forefinger qwɑ Borrowing Source certain guá Borrowing Source certain
ɑ¹ mɑ¹ kinship mɑ Cognate certain ɑ mɑ
ɑ⁴³ kɑu³ Types of People States or Qualities ke3 nɑɑi3 ɑ3 Cognate certain ɑ kɑu
ɑ⁴⁴ tɑu² ɑ tɑu
ɑnʔ⁷ birds domestic animals ɑɑp Cognate certain
ɑu³
ɑu¹ food preparation and utensils ʦɑɑn Comparison Form
ɕi⁵
ɕi⁴ weather, sky and light as in ɕi4 mɔŋ4 mist sjom2mou6 Cognate
ɕi⁵ kinship kinship in order of birth (opp. ɬu1); kɔ53 ɕi5 second brother ɕi Borrowing Source certain
ɕi¹ activities involving the body ɕi1 lɔ4 urinate
ɕi⁷
ɕi⁴ mɔŋ⁴ Nature and Natural Phenomena weather, sky and light ɛi mɔŋ
ɕi⁷ ɟɑi¹ fish ʥim2 gwɑɑi4 Cognate possible ɕi ɟɑi
ɕin⁷
ɕin⁵ thoughts sjen Cognate certain ɕin Borrowing Source certain
ɕin⁷ m̥jɛn³ entertainment sip7 mjɛn3 Cognate certain ɕin m̥jɛn
ɕiu¹ Animals domestic animals activities not involving people Animals domestic animals activities not involving people ɕiu ṃja3
ɕiʔ⁷
ɕiʔ⁷ jiŋ³ activities involving the body thɑ53 ɕi5 everyone pu2 ɕin5 Cognate certain ɕiʔ jiŋ
ɕju¹ Plants dzuŋ Cognate possible
ɕɔ⁷ socializing si̯uk su Borrowing Source certain
ɕəɥ³ sight, shape modifier ɕiɑo Borrowing Source certain
ɕɛ³ Manner Manner Understand (same word);Understand (same word) fiiŋ Comparison Form ɕiɴ Borrowing Source certain
ɕɛn¹ body parts and functions seat of emotions wəi53 ɕɛn Cognate possible fim Comparison Form
ɕɛn⁵ adornments adornments ʂɑn Borrowing Source certain
ɕɑ⁵ sickness also flow swiftly? ɕiɛ< Borrowing Source certain
ɕɑ³ education writing fje Comparison Form
ɕɑt⁷ earth and fire (fire) čiəʔ Comparison Form
ɕɑŋ⁷ thoughts ɕiɑŋ Borrowing Source certain
ɕɑʔ⁴ thoughts ɕiɛ Borrowing Source certain
ɕɥə¹ insects dzuŋ Cognate certain
ɕʲu⁵
ɕʲɔ¹ Furniture
ɕʲɛ⁵ identity fiŋ Comparison Form
ɕʲɛ¹
ɕʲɛ¹⁵³ ʨhi⁵ sound ʂʌŋ1 ʨʰi4 Borrowing Source possible siŋ2 ʨhiə5 Cognate certain ɕʲɛ ʨhi
ɕʲɛn³ Mental Activities sjen Cognate certain ɕyɑn Borrowing Source certain
ɕʷɔ⁵ earth and fire (get s. in eyes?)is when sitting by fire12/23
ɕʷɔ
ɕʷɔ⁵³ pə² parts of a house pə2 room ɕʷɔ pə
ɟu⁴ entertainment ʣu Cognate certain dǰu Cognate certain tgìu Cognate certain
ɟu³
ɟu³ light/sweet food ̥m̥in1 ɟu3 sides of face, cheeks;kɔ4 khwɑn7 ɟu3 buttocks ǰuɔ Cognate certain dʑwʷå Cognate
ɟuʔ⁷ trees ʣuʔ Cognate certain
ɟuʔ⁴ Tools ʣuʔ Cognate certain ǰu Cognate certain tgiụ Cognate certain
ɟwə⁵ sound ʥuŋ Cognate certain
ɟwə¹ entertainment ʣuŋ Cognate certain
ɟwəi¹ activities involving the body dɑɑm Cognate possible
ɟwən⁵ motion tʂuan Borrowing Source certain ʣwɑn Cognate certain
ɟwənʔ⁴
ɟwənʔ⁴ ɟɔʔ⁷ parts of a house ɟwənʔ ɟɔʔ
ɟɔʔ⁷
ɟəu⁵ activities involving the body cf. khan7 cəiklɛ ɟəu kwən nɔkhwan kick a hole in the p. door
ɟəu⁵ Tools ʨu Borrowing Source certain ʥou Cognate certain gíəu Cognate certain
ɟɑ³
ɟɑ⁵ feelings as in khən53 ɟɑ5 afraid; as in khə1 ɟɑ1 maybe, 恐怕 ke2 ʣje5 Cognate certain kɑm2 ʣiə5 Cognate certain dǰɑ Cognate certain
ɟɑ¹
ɟɑi¹
ɟɑi¹ ɟɑi¹ kinship ʣje Cognate possible ɟɑi ɟɑi
ɟɑiʔ⁴
ɟɑiʔ⁴ kinship ʣje Cognate certain chú xláy Cognate certain
ɟɑu¹ ʣoŋ Cognate certain
ɟɑu⁵ man and plants ʣjou Cognate certain ǰou Cognate certain
ɟɑu² activities involving the body
ɟɑu¹
ɟɑu (sɑn)³ adornments
ɟɑʔ⁴ motion motion Gordon Downer: '下gîa... reg.related to Whm nqe-' PMY loans fr. Ch. ɕia Borrowing Source certain ʥe Cognate certain ǰiə Cognate certain yɑ Cognate certain
ɟɑʔ⁷ sight, shape doɷ Borrowing Source certain kuʔ Cognate possible tgiã Cognate certain ʨuui Comparison Form tcui Comparison Form
ɟʲŋ⁵ measures 稱 chēng to weigh; appellation秤, 稱 chèng scales; fit; chèn fit ʣjɑŋ Cognate certain tʂʰən Borrowing Source certain
ɟʲɑt¹ entertainment entertainment wɛʔ4 ɟɑt4 transverse flute (horizontal) fɑn2 tiʔ8 Cognate possible ʣɑt Cognate certain tgiãt Cognate certain
ɬjɔʔ⁴ second set of numerals
ɬjɔʔ⁴ tɑu⁴ Plants 12/23: 'mass'? green (綠)+ 豆 (li ̯wok) lu4 dou4 Borrowing Source certain tjɔʔ tɑu
ɬjɑ⁷ earth and fire ɬiəʔ Cognate certain ɬjeʔ Cognate certain
ɬjɑ⁵ activities involving the body ɬɛ Cognate certain
ɬjɑ¹ activities involving the body
ɬjɑŋ³ activities involving the body
ɬu¹ kinship as in kɔ53 ɬu1 大哥 hlo Cognate certain ɬu Cognate certain
ɬu⁴ food preparation and utensils ly Borrowing Source certain
ɬut⁷ Food and Drink phjot Cognate possible
ɬɔ¹ sight, shape sight, shape as in Three Brothers p.1pɑu1 ɬɔ1 min2, '3 lines of people'; a tɑu2 pɑu1 min2 ɬɔ1 chwən7 mu4 'the 3 of them went out in file'
ɬɔʔ⁴ body parts and functions
ɬən⁴ trees lin Borrowing Source certain lom Cognate certain kem Cognate certain
ɬən⁴
ɬənʔ⁴
ɬɛ⁴
ɬɛ⁴
ɬɛ(ʔ)⁴
ɬɛ⁴ ɬɛ⁴ ŋjɛŋ¹ insects ɬɛ ɬɛ ŋjɛŋ
ɬɛ⁴ ɬɛ⁴ ŋjɛŋ¹ insects ɬɛ(ʔ) ɬɛʔ ŋjɛŋ
ɬɛʔ⁴
ɬɑ weather, sky and light
ɬɑ⁴
ɬɑ⁵ Time ɬɑ Cognate certain
ɬɑ⁴ kɑ plɑ ɬɑ
ɬɑ¹ measures ɬɑɑu Cognate certain
ɬɑ¹ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning
ɬɑ⁴ cɔ⁷ lɑɑp8 ʦwo7 Cognate certain ɬɑ cɔ
ɬɑn³ Animals
ɬɑn¹ body parts and functions ɬɑn Cognate certain
ɬɑt⁴ staple food lɑ Borrowing Source certain lɑɑp Cognate certain
ɬɑt⁴ garments li Borrowing Source certain lɑp Cognate certain
ɬɑt⁴ Tools lâp -- Vn. sáp (if Hdr,1954) lɑ4 Borrowing Source certain lɑɑp8 Cognate certain
ɬɑt⁴ bi⁵³(swə³) body parts and functions lɤʌ Borrowing Source certain ɬɑt bi
ɬɑu³ trees ɬɑu Cognate certain
ɬɑu³ in¹ Plants trees Plants trees ɬɑu in
ɬɑu⁵³ ɑu³ food preparation and utensils ɑu1 Comparison Form certain ɬɑu ɑu
ɬɑŋ¹ Tools ɬɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ɬɑŋ¹ sight, shape ɬɑŋ Cognate certain
ɬɑŋ³
ʂi¹
ʔin¹ taste iim Cognate certain
ʔu¹ colors
ʔən¹ water ʔən53 klaŋ4 wave; ʔən53 khlɛ ditch, stream; ɲwan2:4~ mercury wam1 Cognate wəm Cognate
ʔən¹ water ʔən53 klɑŋ4 wave;ʔən1 khlɛ1 ditch, stream;ɲwɑn2:4 ʔən1 mercury wɑm Cognate certain
ʣin³ water ʨ'iɛn Borrowing Source certain ljɑŋ Comparison Form
ʣin⁵ States or Qualities ʣiŋ Cognate certain seaŋ Borrowing Source certain
ʣin³ as in i ʣin3 ʦɑŋ2 (一捆柴)
ʣin⁵ bɑn⁵ States or Qualities ʨiɴ Borrowing Source certain ʦiŋ Cognate certain
ʣu⁵ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning housework dzu Cognate certain do Cognate certain
ʣunʔ⁷ activities involving the body human interaction ʦɑ Borrowing Source certain ʦip Cognate certain
ʣwɑnʔ⁴ activities involving the body ʣwɑn-ʣwɑn stopper sɑi Borrowing Source possible ʦot Cognate possible dɑp Cognate possible dɑɑp Borrowing Source certain
ʣɔ⁴ body parts and functions (take) a (shit/piss)泡 ʣɑu Cognate certain
ʣɔi² Time ʨi Borrowing Source certain
ʣɔŋ¹ Human Body ʣɛʔ Cognate possible
ʣənʔ⁴
ʣəu¹ Commerce ʦu Borrowing Source certain ʣəu Cognate certain
ʣɑn²
ʣɑu⁵ religion 造化
ʣɑu⁴ activities involving people activities involving people
ʣɑu⁵ khɔ¹ grooming grooming Chinese honey locust used to make soap
ʣɑŋ³ Transportation ʣɑɑŋ Cognate certain dɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ʣɑŋʔ⁴ writing ʣɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ʥi² body parts and functions gyɑi Cognate possible jɛ Cognate certain djɑi Cognate certain tgiay Cognate certain ɔ Comparison Form
ʥi⁴ water water doon1 wet doon1 wet ʂi Comparison Form đon Comparison Form
ʥin⁴
ʥɛn⁴
ʥʲɛ¹
ʥʲɛ¹
ʥʲɛ¹- ʥʲɛ¹ birds birds ʥʲɛ ʥʲɛ
ʦaŋ³
ʦhin⁵ tʂən Borrowing Source certain kɔŋ Comparison Form
ʦhinʔ⁷ food preparation and utensils ʦhinʔ7 切 ʨiɛ Borrowing Source certain kɑɑt Cognate certain
ʦhiʔ⁷ motion ʨ'iɑu Borrowing Source possible tɕhiəp Cognate certain
ʦhuʔ⁴ Tools ʦao Borrowing Source certain ʦûʔ Cognate certain
ʦhɔ⁴ Quantity or Numbers Quantity or Numbers ʦuʔ Cognate certain sɔ Cognate certain
ʦhɔŋ
ʦhɔŋ¹ vegetables as in ʦhɔŋ53 bʷɔ5 'big brother, 7 cultivated' ʦɷɴ Borrowing Source certain ʦhoŋ Cognate certain
ʦhɔŋ¹ mjɛ² Character, Temperament, Manner, Behavior ʦhoŋ1 meŋ2 Cognate certain ʦʰoɴ1 miɴ2 Borrowing Source certain ʦhɔŋ mjɛ
ʦhəu⁵ ingredients and spices ʦ'u Borrowing Source certain
ʦhəu¹ touch States or Qualities ʦ'u Borrowing Source certain ʦhou Cognate certain
ʦhɛ⁵
ʦhɑ⁷ States or Qualities ʦ'uo Borrowing Source certain ʦhɑʔ Cognate certain
ʦhɑn¹ ɲɑn3 ʦhɑn1 ɲɑn3 ʦhɑn1 he cried and cried ʦɑn Cognate certain ʦɑn Cognate certain
ʦhɑt⁷ Tools ʨ'i Borrowing Source certain ʦhjet Cognate certain
ʦhɑt⁷ Quantity or Numbers ʨ'i Borrowing Source certain ʦhjet Cognate certain ʦhíət Cognate certain
ʦhɑu¹ education tʂ'ɑo Borrowing Source certain
ʦhɑʔ⁴ Occupations ʦei Borrowing Source certain ʦɑʔ Cognate certain ʦɑɑʔ Cognate certain
ʦi⁵ grooming ʂu Borrowing Source certain ʦei Cognate certain
ʦi⁷
ʦi⁵
ʦi¹ cf.
ʦi¹⁵³ kɔ⁴ dui⁵ birds body parts and functions also kɔ4 dui5?error for ʨi 'chicken' duəi Cognate certain kɔ4 dwɑi3 Comparison Form certain ʦi kɔ dui
ʦin² money money ʨ'iɛn Borrowing Source certain ʦin Cognate certain sen1 Comparison Form sen1 Cognate
ʦiʔ⁴ food preparation and utensils ʨin Borrowing Source possible ʦjom Comparison Form
ʦoŋʔ⁴
ʦoŋʔ⁴ kjɑu¹ trees Tools xlong ghiáng xlông2 Cognate certain ʦoŋʔ kjɑu
ʦu⁵ Activities ʦuo Borrowing Source certain ʦou Cognate certain
ʦu
ʦu¹ Food and Drink cf. ʦu53cɑ1 distiller's grain 糟
ʦu¹ things to drink and smoke things to drink and smoke cf. tsu53 ca1 distiller's grain
ʦu⁵ food preparation and utensils ʦɑo Borrowing Source certain ʣu Cognate certain ʣo Cognate certain
ʦu² earth and fire earth and fire ?tswan5 Comparison Form ?tswan5 Cognate
ʦu¹ cɑ¹ Food and Drink Food and Drink Food and Drink grains tsu1 糟 tsu1 糟 tsu1 糟 tsu1 糟 ʦu cɑ
ʦu² hwɑ³ States or Qualities ʦao4 χuʌ4 Borrowing Source certain ʦu hwɑ
ʦu⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ fruits ʦu ʦɑŋ
ʦui⁵ ʦui Borrowing Source certain
ʦui³ body parts and functions ʣui5 m ən1 ʣui5 saliva ʦui Borrowing Source certain ʣuui Cognate certain
ʦui¹ human interaction tʂueɪ Borrowing Source certain ʦun Comparison Form
ʦui⁵³ din⁷ gwɑi⁵ body parts and functions ʣuui2 mwei5 Cognate certain ʦui din gwɑi
ʦun⁵
ʦwəi² smell ʨhiə Comparison Form
ʦwəi⁵ smell ʦwəi Cognate certain sei Borrowing Source certain
ʦwəiʔ⁴ Transportation ʦwei Cognate certain ʦuo Comparison Form
ʦwɑ¹ tʂuɑ Borrowing Source certain ɲom Comparison Form possible
ʦɔŋ⁴
ʦɔŋ¹ cf. pli3 ʣɔŋ1 hair (head) ʦ'ʊɴ Borrowing Source possible ʦuŋ Cognate certain
ʦɔŋ⁴ m̥ɔ⁴ trees soɴ Borrowing Source certain ʦoŋ2 djɑŋ5 Cognate certain ʦoŋ4 kjɑu1 Comparison Form chiêy2 1 xlong2 ghiang3/5 Cognate certain ʦɔŋ m̥ɔ
ʦəi⁴
ʦəi³ Animals ʦəi Cognate certain
ʦəi³ kinship to Comparison Form
ʦəi⁴ ʨɛ³ States or Qualities ʣwei Cognate certain ʦəi ʨɛ
ʦən³ food preparation and utensils kom Cognate possible
ʦəu³ building, construction ʦu Borrowing Source certain ʦou Cognate certain
ʦɛ⁴
ʦɛ⁵ Time Time ʦae Borrowing Source certain ʦɔi Cognate certain
ʦɛ⁴ ʨhi⁵ States or Qualities wən6 ʨhiə5 Comparison Form possible ʦɛ ʨhi
ʦɑi⁴ Quantity or Numbers as in kɑ4 pjɛn7 ʦɑi4 in the midst, along.wə2 ʦɑ̱i ɲ̥ɑ̱ ʦāŋ that classifier date time ʨiɛ Comparison Form
ʦɑn⁴ precedes classifier ʦɑn4 nəi5 other ones ʦɑn4 pun1 another time ʦɑn4 tɑu2 other people tɛ Comparison Form
ʦɑn³ States or Qualities d̥ɑn Borrowing Source possible ʦɑɑm Cognate certain
ʦɑn³ food preparation and utensils food preparation and utensils ʨin Borrowing Source certain ʦiəm Cognate certain
ʦɑn⁵ bedding
ʦɑu⁵ body parts and functions ʦɑu Cognate certain
ʦɑu⁵
ʦɑu² Tools
ʦɑu⁵ bɑi¹ Types of People
ʦɑu⁵ dɔʔ⁷ body parts and functions pwo4 duʔ7 Cognate certain ʦɑu dɔʔ
ʦɑu⁵ klɑŋ¹ ŋ̥jɛʔ⁴ body parts and functions ɲɑu Cognate certain ʦɑu klɑŋ ŋ̊jɛʔ
ʦɑu⁵ kɑu¹ body parts and functions ʦɑu5 gu1 Cognate certain ʦɑu kɑu
ʦɑu⁵ pjɑu² Animals ʦɑu pjɑu
ʦɑu⁵⁵³ pɛ⁵ body parts and functions ʦɑu553 leg ʦɑu pɛ
ʦɑŋ³
ʦɑŋ³ Types of People
ʦɑŋ² food preparation and utensils tʂae Borrowing Source certain ʦɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ʦɑŋ³ ʨu53 ʦɑŋ3 awl,mɑ53 ʦɑŋ3 ballet, kɑ4 ʦɑŋ3 scrotum, hɔ4 səu1 ʦɑŋ3 student,pɔŋ1:7 ʦɑŋ3 idiot,pɑi7 ʦɑŋ3 malaria,jəu7 ʦɑŋ3 kidney,həu4 ʦɑŋ3 beard,blɑu2:4 kɑu4 ear,ʦu:7 ʦɑŋ3? k. of chestnut,thəu:7 ʦɑŋ3 rabbit ʦae Borrowing Source possible
ʦɑŋ⁵ food preparation and utensils tʂʌŋ Borrowing Source possible ʦɑɑŋ Cognate certain
ʨ(j)ɛ³ parts of a house also see 1339
ʨ(j)ɛ³ parts of a house ʨiɴ Borrowing Source certain ʦiiŋ Cognate certain
ʨhan⁵ money ʨhom, ehiəm Cognate certain ʨʰiɛn Borrowing Source certain
ʨhi⁴
ʨhi⁵ earth and fire
ʨhi⁵
ʨhi⁴ khwəi¹ building, construction ʂi2 χueɪ1 Borrowing Source possible ʨhi khwəi
ʨhinʔ⁴ Quantity or Numbers ? ʨi4+ in7; 10 in teens one2
ʨhinʔ⁴ business business ʂi Borrowing Source certain ʦit Cognate certain
ʨhiʔ⁴ bedding tsiʔ Cognate certain ɕi Borrowing Source certain
ʨhɔ³
ʨhəu¹ man and animals animals; esp. pigs ʨʰiɑo Borrowing Source certain
ʨhɛn¹ Quantity or Numbers tshin Cognate certain ʨʰiɛn Borrowing Source certain
ʨhɛn⁷ activities involving the body tʂʰʌ Borrowing Source certain ʦhip Cognate certain
ʨhʲɛ¹.⁷
ʨhʲɛ¹.⁷ djɑu³ Time ʨʰiɴ1 ʦɑo3 Borrowing Source possible ʨhʲɛ djɑu
ʨi¹ ka4 thjau5 n3 ka4 thjau5 tɛi1cɔ3 ma! mà tɛī n2 njɛn2 there is, but not much. ka4 thjau5 n3 ka4 thjau5 tɛi1cɔ3 ma! mà tɛī n2 njɛn2 there is, but not much.
ʨi¹
ʨi
ʨi¹ tree, hair (on head), grass, branch, sprout, thorn, onion, beard, ribs, pillar, bean, stick, whip, carrying pole, chopstick (i), candle
ʨi¹ birds domestic animals 雞
ʨi⁵ thoughts
ʨi⁵³ kɑi³ məʔ⁴ insects chicken-shit fly ʨi kɑi məʔ
ʨi⁵³ ʦi⁵ Tools ʨi ʦi
ʨiu¹
ʨu
ʨu³ food preparation and utensils tjom, tiəm Cognate certain
ʨu
ʨu
ʨu [ʨy]⁵ activities involving the body as a stick
ʨu [ʨy]⁵ activities involving the body
ʨu⁵³ ʦɑŋ³ Tools ʨu53 [ʨy] tʂueɪ Borrowing Source certain ʨu ʦɑŋ
ʨu⁵³ ʨu⁴² khwɑn⁷ parts of a house ʨu53 [ʨy] ʨu ʨu khwɑn
ʨui¹
ʨunʔ⁷ Activities sup Cognate certain sɤʌ Borrowing Source certain
ʨwən³ thoughts 3 BR 12.6 tʂuən Borrowing Source certain
ʨwɛnʔ⁴ Location and Movement Location and Movement dzen Cognate certain tʂʰan Borrowing Source certain
ʨyɛnʔ⁴ grooming (hair)cf. id. 'used up, coil' cf. id. 'wind up, coil'? ʨɛn Comparison Form
ʨəu¹ man and plants liəm Comparison Form ʨiɑo Borrowing Source certain
ʨɛ³ wəi3 ʨɛ3 if; lɑ5 ~ suppose, think; ɬsəi4 ~ beautiful
ʨɛ⁴
ʨɛ³ medicine and treatments Activities
ʨɛ⁴ weather, sky and light ʨ'iɴ Borrowing Source certain ɬooŋ Comparison Form
ʨɛ¹
ʨɛ¹ as in thjɑu1 ʨɛ1 就 是
ʨɛn¹
ʨɛn¹ sight, shape ʨiɛn Borrowing Source certain ʣim Cognate certain
ʨɛn⁵ activities involving the body
ʨɛn² human interaction ɕuən Borrowing Source certain ʦiəm Cognate certain
ʨɑŋ⁷
ʨʲɔ¹ body parts and functions
ʨʲɔʔ⁷
ʨʲɔʔ⁷ ʨʲɑŋ³ birds noʔ8 mɑɑu2 toon1 Comparison Form ʨʲɔʔ ʨʲɑŋ
ʨʲɛ¹
ʨʲɛ⁴ Time ʣjɑŋ2 ɲ̥̥̥ɑŋ5 Cognate possible
ʨʲɛn⁴ body parts and functions ʨwɛn Comparison Form
ʨʲɑu³ Animals tṣauB tʂuɑ Borrowing Source certain ɲiu Comparison Form
ʨʲɑŋ³
ʨʸɛn¹ fabrics, clothes-making, cleaning tʂən Borrowing Source certain sim Cognate certain